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The field of metallurgy has made tremendous contributions to human civilization over thousands of years, but conventional metallurgical methods have limitations. Nanotechnology enabled metallurgy is an emerging interdisciplinary domain exploring how nanophases – both ex-situ and in-situ – can be engineered to significantly improve the physical, chemical and mechanical behaviors of metals and alloys. This Collection presents original research investigating how nanotechnologies can be applied to enable unprecedented micro- and nano-structure control and property tuning to improve the processing and manufacturing of metals and alloys.