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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tumor suppressor microRNA-31 inhibits gastric carcinogenesis by targeting Smad4 and SGPP2

Cancer Gene Therapy volume 22, pages 564–572 (2015)Cite this article

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A Retraction to this article was published on 05 April 2021

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Abstract

To investigate the function of microRNA-31 (miR-31) in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC) and to explore the possible mechanisms involved in it. A quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis was performed to evaluate miR-31 expression in GC cell lines. After transfecting GC cells with miR-31 precursors, Alamar blue and apoptosis assays were used to measure the respective proliferation and apoptosis rates. SGPP2 and Smad4 expression were determined by real-time RT-PCR and western blot assays after miR-31 transfection. Animal assay was used to further investigate miR-31 in the pathogenesis of GC. miR-31 was significantly reduced in GC tissues and GC cell lines, and that the reduced miR-31 was associated with distant metastasis and GC clinical pathological stages, miR-31 was lower at stages III/IV than that at stage II. SGPP2 and Smad4 were proven to be the direct target of miR-31. SGPP2 and Smad4 at mRNA and protein levels were negatively correlated with miR-31 in human GC tissues and cancer cell lines. Increased miR-31 significantly repressed SGPP2 and Smad4 at transcriptional and translational levels. Functional studies showed that increasing miR-31 inhibited GC cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis and attenuated cell migration, which were also linked to downregulation of STAT3. In vivo, miR-31 inhibited GC cell growth in tumor-bearing mice. This study has revealed miR-31 as a tumor suppressor and has identified SGPP2 and Smad4 as novel targets of miR-31, linking to STAT3 for regulating cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration in GC. Therefore, miR-31 could be a useful biomarker for monitoring GC development and progression, and also could have a therapeutic potential by targeting SGPP2, Smad4 and STAT3 for GC therapy.

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Author notes

  1. W Ruoming and Y Zhen: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. General Surgery of First Renmin Hospital of Shangqiu, Zhengzhou, China

    W Ruoming & H Jisheng

  2. Gastrointestinal Surgery of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China

    Y Zhen

  3. Cancer Department of First Renmin Hospital of Shangqiu, Zhengzhou, China

    Z Tengteng

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  1. W Ruoming
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  2. Y Zhen
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  4. H Jisheng
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Correspondence to H Jisheng.

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Ruoming, W., Zhen, Y., Tengteng, Z. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tumor suppressor microRNA-31 inhibits gastric carcinogenesis by targeting Smad4 and SGPP2. Cancer Gene Ther 22, 564–572 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/cgt.2015.41

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