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Gonçalves Real, Davidowicz H et al. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011; 111: e44–e49

Apex locators aim to overcome limitations associated with conventional radiography such as image distortion, superimposition of anatomical structures and the inability to locate the cementum/dentine junction within the canal. Digital imaging affords rapid processing, image manipulation and a platform to share information with the patient. This in vitro study was carried out on 20 extracted premolar teeth. Measurements obtained with the electronic apex locators and digital radiography were compared with direct measurements of the length of the teeth. Elements Diagnostic (Sybron Endo) and Root ZX (J. Morita Corporation) electronic apex locators, and direct digital radiography (Schick system) gave valid measurements whereas those obtained from Just II (Kotobashi) electronic apex locator were significantly different (p = 0.02, with only 73.0% acceptable).