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Current and novel approaches in yeast cell death research

Cell Death & Differentiation (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

The study of cell death mechanisms in fungi, particularly yeasts, has gained substantial interest in recent decades driven by the potential for biotechnological advancements and therapeutic interventions. Examples include the development of robust yeast strains for industrial fermentations and high-value compound production, novel food preservation strategies against spoilage yeasts, and the identification of targets for treating fungal infections in the clinic. In this review, we discuss a wide range of methods to characterize cellular alterations associated with yeast cell death, noting the advantages and limitations. We describe assays to monitor reversible events versus those that mark a commitment to cell death (point-of-no-return), as these distinctions are important to decipher the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Several well-known challenges remain, including the varied susceptibilities to death within a cell population and the delineation of detailed cell death mechanisms. The identification and characterization of morphologically distinct subsets of dying yeast cells within dynamic yeast populations provides opportunities to reveal novel vulnerabilities and survival mechanisms. Elucidating the intricacies of yeast regulated cell death (yRCD) will contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge and foster breakthrough discoveries with broad-ranging implications.

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Fig. 1: Cellular alterations associated with yeast regulated cell death (yRCD) and methods used for their monitorization.
Fig. 2: Methods to monitor the kinetics of changes in cell viability, plasma membrane integrity and metabolic activity (vitality).
Fig. 3: Proposed methodological strategies for yeast RCD studies.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ricardo Duarte for valuable insight. This work was supported by national funds (Portuguese Science Foundation, FCT) via the institutional program supporting CBMA (UIDB/04050/2020, https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04050/2020) and funding to Susana Chaves https://doi.org/10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1377/CT0026.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Susana R. Chaves, António Rego, Cátia Santos-Pereira.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal

    Susana R. Chaves, Maria João Sousa & Manuela Côrte-Real

  2. Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

    António Rego & Cátia Santos-Pereira

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  1. Susana R. Chaves
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Contributions

SC, AR, CP, MJS and MCR conceived ideas for this review article, planned for its content, and wrote the text. SC, AR, CP and MCR drafted the tables. AR and CP finalized the figures.

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Chaves, S.R., Rego, A., Santos-Pereira, C. et al. Current and novel approaches in yeast cell death research. Cell Death Differ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-024-01298-2

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