Abstract
Study design
Scoping systematic review.
Objectives
To summarize the available experimental clinical and animal studies for the identification of all CSF and serum-derived biochemical markers in human and rat SCI models.
Setting
Tehran, Iran.
Methods
In this scoping article, we systematically reviewed the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, WOS, and CENTRAL to retrieve current literature assessing the levels of different biomarkers in human and rat SCI models.
Results
A total of 19,589 articles were retrieved and 6897 duplicated titles were removed. The remaining 12,692 studies were screened by their title/abstract and 12,636 were removed. The remaining 56 were considered for full-text assessment, and 11 papers did not meet the criteria, and finally, 45 studies were included. 26 studies were human observational studies comprising 1630 patients, and 19 articles studied SCI models in rats, including 832 rats. Upon reviewing the literature, we encountered a remarkable heterogeneity in terms of selected biomarkers, timing, and method of measurement, studied models, extent, and mechanism of injury as well as outcome assessment measures.
Conclusions
The specific expression and distribution patterns of biomarkers in relation to spinal cord injury (SCI) phases, and their varied concentrations over time, suggest that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers are effective measures for assessing the severity of SCI.
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Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary files.
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The authors thank Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science for their help and support.
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SS was responsible for: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; Writing - review & editing. SR was responsible for: Data curation; Roles/Writing - original draft; MAH was responsible for: Conceptualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; Writing - review & editing. SMP was responsible for: Data curation; Roles/Writing - original draft; ML was responsible for: Data curation; Roles/Writing - original draft; DJ was responsible for: Data curation; Roles/Writing - original draft; SA was responsible for: Conceptualization; Project administration; Resources; Supervision; Writing - review & editing.
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Shool, S., Rahmani, S., Habibi, M.A. et al. Acute spinal cord injury serum biomarkers in human and rat: a scoping systematic review. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 10, 21 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-024-00636-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-024-00636-3