Abstract
The aim of this study is to show the combined effect of weight gain within normal weight range in adulthood and parental HT on the prevalence of HT. The study subjects were 44,998 individuals (19,039 men and 25,959 women) with normal weight (body mass index [BMI] 18.5–24.9) aged 35–69 years who participated in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study. They were categorized into six groups by weight gain from age 20 years (<10 kg, and ≥10 kg) and by the number of parents having HT (no parent, one parent, and both parents). Odds ratios for HT were estimated after adjustment for age, sex, current BMI, estimated daily sodium intake, and other confounding factors. The prevalence of HT (31.5% in total subjects) gradually increased with greater weight gain from age 20 years and with greater number of parents with HT. Subjects who gained weight ≥10 kg and having both parents with HT showed the highest risk of having HT compared with those who gained weight <10 kg without parental HT (59.8% vs. 24.9%, odds ratio 4.25, 95% CI 3.53–5.13 after adjustment). This association was similarly observed in any category of age, sex, and BMI. Subjects who gained weight within normal range of BMI and having one or both parent(s) with HT showed the higher risk of having HT independent of their attained BMI in their middle ages. Thus, subjects having parent(s) with HT should avoid gaining their weight during adulthood, even within normal range of BMI, to reduce the risk of having HT.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
Code availability
Statistical codes are available upon request to the corresponding author.
References
Yang G, Xiang YB, Zheng W, Xu WH, Zhang X, Li HL, et al. Body weight and weight change in relation to blood pressure in normotensive men. J Hum Hypertens. 2007;21:45–52.
Zheng Y, Manson JE, Yuan C, Liang MH, Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, et al. Associations of weight gain from early to middle adulthood with major health outcomes later in life. JAMA. 2017;318:255–69.
Shihab HM, Meoni LA, Chu AY, Wang NY, Ford DE, et al. Body mass index and risk of incident hypertension over the life course: the Johns Hopkins Precursors Study. Circulation. 2012;126:2983–9.
Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Kannel WB, Levy D. Assessment of frequency of progression to hypertension in non-hypertensive participants in the Framingham Heart Study: a cohort study. Lancet. 2001;358:1682–6.
Ishikawa-Takata K, Ohta T, Moritaki K, Gotou T, Inoue S. Obesity, weight change and risks for hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in Japanese men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56:601–7.
Juntunen M, Niskanen L, Saarelainen J, Tuppurainen M, Saarikoski S, Honkanen R. Changes in body weight and onset of hypertension in perimenopausal women. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17:775–9.
Tsujimoto T, Sairenchi T, Iso H, Irie F, Yamagishi K, Tanaka K, et al. Impact of obesity on incident hypertension independent of weight gain among nonhypertensive Japanese: the Ibaraki prefectural health study (IPHS). J Hypertens. 2012;30:1122–8.
Wang NY, Young JH, Meoni LA, Ford DE, Erlinger TP, Klag MJ. Blood pressure change and risk of hypertension associated with parental hypertension: the Johns Hopkins Precursors Study. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:643–8.
Friedman GD, Selby JV, Quesenberry CP, Jr. Armstrong MA, Klatsky AL. Precursors of essential hypertension: body weight, alcohol and salt use, and parental history of hypertension. Prev Med. 1988;17:387–402.
Liu M, He Y, Jiang B, Wang J, Wu L, Wang Y, et al. Association between family history and hypertension among Chinese elderly. Med. 2015;94:e2226.
Tozawa M, Oshiro S, Iseki C, Sesoko S, Higashiuesato Y, Tana T, et al. Family history of hypertension and blood pressure in a screened cohort. Hypertens Res. 2001;24:93–8.
Khanna N, Sharma RS, Sidhu RS. A study of the basic and derived anthropometric indices among the healthy adults (20–30 years of age) of amritsar city (punjab) having family history of hypertension. Int J Biol Med Res. 2011;2:743–6.
Igarashi R, Fujihara K, Heianza Y, Ishizawa M, Kodama S, Saito K, et al. Impact of individual components and their combinations within a family history of hypertension on the incidence of hypertension: Toranomon hospital health management center study 22. Med. 2016;95:e4564.
Stamler R, Stamler J, Riedlinger WF, Algera G, Roberts RH. Family (parental) history and prevalence of hypertension. Results a nationwide Screen program. Jama. 1979;241:43–6.
Ranasinghe P, Cooray DN, Jayawardena R, Katulanda P. The influence of family history of hypertension on disease prevalence and associated metabolic risk factors among Sri Lankan adults. BMC Public Health 2015;15:576.
Hamajima N, J-MICC Study Group. The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study (J-MICC Study) to detect gene-environment interactions for cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2007;8:317–23.
Tokudome Y, Goto C, Imaeda N, Hasegawa T, Kato R, Hirose K, et al. Relative validity of a short food frequency questionnaire for assessing nutrient intake versus three-day weighed diet records in middle-aged Japanese. J Epidemiol 2005;15:135–45.
Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M, Iwaki M, Yamada Y, Nakajima Y, et al. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Investig. 2004;114:1752–61.
Canale MP, Manca di Villahermosa S, Martino G, Rovella V, Noce A, et al. Obesity-related metabolic syndrome: mechanisms of sympathetic overactivity. Int J Endocrinol 2013;2013:865965.
Kim S, Parks CG, DeRoo LA, Chen H, Taylor JA, Cawthon RM, et al. Obesity and weight gain in adulthood and telomere length. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2009;18:816–20.
Lung FW, Ku CS, Kao WT. Telomere length may be associated with hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2008;22:230–2.
Andersson C, Quiroz R, Enserro D, Larson MG, Hamburg N, Vita JA, et al. The framingham heart study. Hypertension. 2016;68:584–9.
Lieb W, Pencina MJ, Wang TJ, Larson MG, Lanier KJ, Benjamin EJ, et al. Association of parental hypertension with concentrations of select biomarkers in nonhypertensive offspring. Hypertension. 2008;52:381–6.
Corvol P, Jeunemaitre X, Charru A, Soubrier F. Can the genetic factors influence the treatment of systemic hypertension? The case of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Am J Cardiol. 1992;70:14D–20D.
Okada R, Yasuda Y, Tsushita K, Wakai K, Hamajima N, Matsuo S. Upper-normal waist circumference is a risk marker for metabolic syndrome in normal-weight subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;26:67–76.
Kaneto C, Toyokawa S, Miyoshi Y, Suyama Y, Kobayashi Y. Long-term weight change in adulthood and incident diabetes mellitus: MY Health Up Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2013;102:138–46.
Chang Y, Ryu S, Sung E, Woo HY, Cho SI, Yoo SH, et al. Weight gain within the normal weight range predicts ultrasonographically detected fatty liver in healthy Korean men. Gut. 2009;58:1419–25.
Ryu S, Chang Y, Woo HY, Kim SG, Kim DI, Kim WS, et al. Changes in body weight predict CKD in healthy men. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19:1798–805.
Naruse Y, Nakagawa H, Kagamimori S, Fujita Y, Hashimoto T, Kasamatsu T, et al. Relationship of parental history of high blood pressure to blood pressure: combined findings of three Japanese population samples, the INTERSALT study. J Hum Hypertens. 1998;12:215–20.
Rodríguez-Moran M, Aradillas-García C, Simental-Mendia LE, Monreal-Escalante E, de la Cruz Mendoza E, Dávila Esqueda ME, et al. Family history of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23:299–304.
Tamakoshi K, Yatsuya H, Kondo T, Hirano T, Hori Y, Yoshida T, et al. The accuracy of long-term recall of past body weight in Japanese adult men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:247–52.
Funding
This study was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas of Cancer (No. 17015018) and Innovative Areas (No. 221S0001) and by a JSPS KAKENHI Grant (No. 16H06277) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Consortia
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Okada, R., Kadomatsu, Y., Tsukamoto, M. et al. Combined effect of weight gain within normal weight range and parental hypertension on the prevalence of hypertension; from the J-MICC Study. J Hum Hypertens 34, 125–131 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-019-0230-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-019-0230-y