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Preconception lifestyle intervention in women with obesity and echocardiographic indices of cardiovascular health in their children

International Journal of Obesity volume 46, pages 1262–1270 (2022)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Background

Improving maternal lifestyle before conception may prevent the adverse effects of maternal obesity on their children’s future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In the current study, we examined whether a preconception lifestyle intervention in women with obesity could alter echocardiographic indices of cardiovascular health in their children.

Methods

Six years after a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of a 6-month preconception lifestyle intervention in women with obesity and infertility prior to fertility care to prompt fertility care, 315 of the 341 children conceived within 24 months after randomization were eligible for this study. The intervention was aimed at weight loss (≥5% or until BMI < 29 kg/m2). Children underwent echocardiographic assessment of cardiac structure and function, conducted by a single pediatric cardiologist, blinded to group allocation. Results were adjusted for multiple variables including body surface area, age, and sex in linear regression analyses.

Results

Sixty children (32 girls, 53%) were included, mean age 6.5 years (SD 1.09). Twenty-four children (40%) were born to mothers in the intervention group. Children of mothers from the intervention group had a lower end-diastolic interventricular septum thickness (−0.88 Z-score, 95%CI −1.18 to −0.58), a lower left ventricle mass index (−8.56 g/m2, 95%CI −13.09 to −4.03), and higher peak systolic and early diastolic annular velocity of the left ventricle (1.43 cm/s 95%CI 0.65 to 2.20 and 2.39 cm/s 95%CI 0.68 to 4.11, respectively) compared to children of mothers from the control group.

Conclusions

Children of women with obesity, who underwent a preconception lifestyle intervention, had improved cardiac structure and function; a thinner interventricular septum, lower left ventricle mass, and improved systolic and diastolic tissue Doppler velocities. Despite its high attrition rates, our study provides the first experimental human evidence suggesting that preconception lifestyle interventions may present a method of reducing CVD risk in the next generation.

Clinical trial registration

LIFEstyle study: Netherlands Trial Register: NTR1530 (https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/1461). This follow-up study was approved by the medical ethics committee of the University Medical Centre Groningen (METC code: 2008/284).

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2: Dose–response relationships between maternal weight loss 6 months after randomization and cardiac outcomes in offspring. Stratified for control and intervention group.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, TdH, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all children and parents who participated in the study. Also, this follow-up would not have been possible without the original LIFEstyle trial, so we would like to thank the whole LIFEstyle group, including all participating centers and researchers that have contributed to the original trial. Eryn Liem and Rolf Berger facilitated the echocardiograms in the UMC Groningen and we would also like to thank them for their help.

Funding

This work was supported by a grant of the Dutch Heart Foundation (2013T085) and a Postdoc Stipend of Amsterdam Reproduction & Development. The initial LIFEstyle trial was supported by a grant from ZonMW, the Dutch Organization for Health Research and Development (120620027).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

    Tamara den Harink, Tessa J. Roseboom & Arend W. van Deutekom

  2. Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department(s), Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

    Tamara den Harink & Tessa J. Roseboom

  3. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

    Nico A. Blom & Irene M. Kuipers

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

    Reinoud J. B. J. Gemke

  5. Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

    Henk Groen

  6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

    Annemieke Hoek

  7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    Ben W. J. Mol

  8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

    Rebecca C. Painter & Tessa J. Roseboom

  9. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

    Arend W. van Deutekom

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Contributions

AWvD designed the research protocol, assessed all children by means of echocardiography, and extracted offline data. TdH was responsible for planning the echocardiography’s, safely storing all data, extracting and analyzing the data, and writing the article. IMK was responsible for part of the data extraction. RCP, AWvD, AH, HG, BWM, NAB, TJR, RJBJG, and IMK all carefully reviewed the articleAH, HG, BWM, RJBJG, TJR, and AWvD were involved in the set-up of the original intervention study and follow-up study. All authors provided intellectual input and were involved in the writing of the article.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tamara den Harink.

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Competing interests

Annemieke Hoek: received a modest fee from Ferring Pharmaceutical company for participation in an expert board, unrelated to the current study.

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den Harink, T., Blom, N.A., Gemke, R.J.B.J. et al. Preconception lifestyle intervention in women with obesity and echocardiographic indices of cardiovascular health in their children. Int J Obes 46, 1262–1270 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01107-1

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