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Epidemiology and Population Health

Interaction between visceral adiposity and ambient air pollution on LDL cholesterol level in Korean adults

International Journal of Obesity volume 45, pages 547–554 (2021)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Background

Although previous reports have found that obesity intensifies the negative impact of long-term air pollution exposure on the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level, few studies have examined whether the type of abdominal adiposity, such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and the visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) affects this relationship. We investigated the association between ambient air pollution and LDL-C in Korean adults and identified whether this association is different by the type of abdominal adiposity.

Methods

A total of 2737 adults were included. Abdominal fat areas were quantified by computed tomography, and the annual average concentration of air pollutants was included in this analysis.

Results

In the total sample, none of the air pollutants was associated with LDL-C level in either the crude or adjusted model (all p > 0.05). The association was not significant even in subgroups stratified according to the obesity status defined by body mass index, and no interaction on the LDL-C level was also found (all pint > 0.05). In the subgroup analysis stratified according to adiposity level, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 μm (PM10) [β (SE) = 3.58 (1.59); p = 0.0245] and sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposures [β (SE) = 2.71 (1.27); p = 0.0330] in the high-VAT group were associated with the increased LDL-C level. Interactions on LDL-C level were also found between VAT level and ambient air pollutants such as PM10 and SO2 (both pint < 0.05). In the analysis of the VSR, PM10 exposure showed a significant interaction on LDL level (pint = 0.0032). However, the strength of these associations was not significant across all SAT subgroup (all pint > 0.05).

Conclusions

In conclusion, we found that association between air pollution exposure and LDL-C level is different by abdominal fat distribution.

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Fig. 1: The patterns between two abdominal adiposity groups in the association of each air pollution exposure with LDL-C level.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Grant no. 2018R1D1A1A09083190).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, South Korea

    Hyun-Jin Kim

  2. Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea

    Hyuktae Kwon, Jae Moon Yun, Belong Cho & Jin-Ho Park

  3. Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea

    Belong Cho & Jin-Ho Park

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Correspondence to Jin-Ho Park.

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Kim, HJ., Kwon, H., Yun, J.M. et al. Interaction between visceral adiposity and ambient air pollution on LDL cholesterol level in Korean adults. Int J Obes 45, 547–554 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-020-00714-0

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