An accepted classification system exists for ischaemic stroke in adults; however, this system is of limited use for categorizing strokes in children, as the aetiology of paediatric stroke is often different from that in adults. A new anatomically based classification system provides standardized criteria specifically for paediatric stroke.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Change history
26 March 2012
In the version of this article initially published online the attribution to the quote should have read (Christopher Dawson, 1889–1970). The error has been corrected for the print, HTML and PDF versions of the article.
References
Adams, H. P. Jr et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org. 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 24, 35–41 (1993).
Bernard, T. J. et al. Towards a consensus-based classification of childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Stroke 43, 371–377 (2012).
Wraige, E., Pohl, K. R. & Ganesan, V. A proposed classification for subtypes of arterial ischaemic stroke in children. Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 47, 252–256 (2005).
Sebire, G., Fullerton, H., Riou, E. & deVeber, G. Toward the definition of cerebral arteriopathies of childhood. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 16, 617–622 (2004).
Calabrese, L. H. & Mallek, J. A. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system. Report of 8 new cases, review of the literature, and proposal for diagnostic criteria. Medicine (Baltimore) 67, 20–39 (1988).
Benseler, S. M. et al. Primary central nervous system vasculitis in children. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 1291–1297 (2006).
Dalkey, N. The Delphi Method: an Experimental Study in Group Opinion. (RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 1969).
Fink, A., Kosecoff, J., Chassin, M. & Brook, R. H. Consensus methods: characteristics and guidelines for use. Am. J. Public Health 74, 979–983 (1984).
Goldstein, L. B. et al. Improving the reliability of stroke subgroup classification using the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. Stroke 32, 1091–1098 (2001).
Acknowledgements
M. Golomb has received support from the Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing financial interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Golomb, M. TOAST to CASCADE—a childhood stroke classification system. Nat Rev Neurol 8, 184–185 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2012.32
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2012.32