Low serum testosterone levels may be a modifiable risk factor for adverse outcomes and poor quality of life in male patients on haemodialysis, say researchers. In their unadjusted analysis of data from a cohort of male incident patients on haemodialysis (n = 623), higher serum testosterone levels were associated with a significantly decreased risk of death during a median follow-up of 20 months. In their adjusted analyses, low serum testosterone levels were associated with a significant trend towards increased all-cause mortality and with significantly lower Health Utility Index scores.