A cohort study of 90,296 Japanese people has found an inverse association between consumption of fish that are rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or individual n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as docosahexaenoic acid) and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. People who consumed high amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were the least likely to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. In a subanalysis, this trend was also observed in patients who had HBV or HCV.