Patients with papillary thyroid cancer generally have a good long-term prognosis; however, the benefits of adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy in patients with intermediate risk have been debated. In a new study in patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer, 21,870 patients received the adjuvant therapy and 6,452 patients did not. After a mean follow-up of 6 years, adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy was shown to be associated with improved overall survival.