Management of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer represents a difficult challenge in clinical practice. The dilemma is to decide between an organ-sparing approach or radical cystectomy with the risk of undertreatment or overtreatment for this group of patients. This issue is especially important for patients who have failed previous intravesical therapy.
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Weiss, C., Rödel, C. Alternatives to surgery after failure of instillation therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 7, 307–308 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.69
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.69
