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Intrinsic immunity: a front-line defense against viral attack

Nature Immunology volume 5, pages 1109–1115 (2004)Cite this article

Abstract

In addition to the conventional innate and acquired immune responses, complex organisms have evolved an array of dominant, constitutively expressed genes that suppress or prevent viral infections. Two major cellular defenses against infection by retroviruses are the Fv1 and TRIM5 class of inhibitors that target incoming retroviral capsids and the APOBEC3 class of cytidine deaminases that hypermutate and destabilize retroviral genomes. Additional, less well characterized activities also inhibit viral replication. Here, the present understanding of these 'intrinsic' immune mechanisms is reviewed and their role in protection from retroviral infection is discussed.

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Figure 1: Capsid-specific restriction factors.
Figure 2: Inhibition of retroviral replication by cytidine deamination and its restoration by lentivirus Vif proteins.

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Acknowledgements

I thank T. Hatziioannou for comments on the manuscript; and B. Cullen, M. Malim and M. Palmarini for sharing manuscripts before publication. Supported by the National Institutes of Health, the American Foundation for AIDS Research, GlaxoSmithKline.

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    Paul D Bieniasz

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Bieniasz, P. Intrinsic immunity: a front-line defense against viral attack. Nat Immunol 5, 1109–1115 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1125

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