Abstract
Understanding the circulation of water masses in the world’s oceans is critical to our knowledge of the Earth’s climate system. Trace elements and their isotopes have been explored as tracers for the movement of water masses 1. One type of candidate elements2 are the high-field-strength elements zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta). Here we measure the distributions of dissolved Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta along two meridional sections in the Pacific Ocean that extend from 65° to 10° S and from 10° to 50° N. We find that all four elements tend to be depleted in surface water. In the deep oceans, their concentrations rise along our transects from the Southern Ocean to the North Pacific Ocean, and show strong correlations with the concentration of silicate. These results indicate that terrigenous sources are important to the budget of Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta in sea water, compared with hydrothermal input. Unexpectedly, the weight ratios for Zr/Hf fall between 45 and 350 and those for Nb/Ta between 14 and 85 in Pacific sea water, higher than the ratios observed in fresh water, in the silicate Earth or in chondritic meteorites. We conclude that the fractionation of Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios will be useful for tracing water masses in the ocean.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by grants from the Japan Science Society, the Steel Industry Foundation for the Advancement of Environmental Protection Technology, and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
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M.L.F. and Y.S. designed the research. M.L.F. carried out the determination of HFSEs. K.N. contributed to sample collection and T.M. determined Mn and Fe. All authors contributed to data interpretation and preparation of the manuscript.
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Firdaus, M., Minami, T., Norisuye, K. et al. Strong elemental fractionation of Zr–Hf and Nb–Ta across the Pacific Ocean. Nature Geosci 4, 227–230 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1114
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1114
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