Abstract
In the context of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), the term ‘sleep–wake cycling’ (SWC), which is frequently used by clinicians and researchers, should be changed to ‘cyclicity’. SWC is a technical term that refers to the biological pattern of alternating sleeping and waking states, which is difficult to define with only aEEG and no physical parameters. Additionally, the absence of cyclicity on aEEG is a more robust reflection of the sequence of the suppressed background patterns of an aEEG following cerebral injury or dysfunction than are sleep/wake states.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Boylan GB, Burgoyne L, Moore C, O'Flaherty B, Rennie JM . An international survey of EEG use in the neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Pediatrica 2010; 99: 1150–1155.
Gluckman PD, Wyatt JS, Azzopardi D, Ballard R, Edwards AD, Ferriero DM et al. Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy: multicentre randomized trial. Lancet 2005; 365: 663–670.
Parmelee AH, Wenner WH, Schulz HR . Infant sleep patterns: from birth to 16 weeks of age. J Pediatr 1964; 65: 576–582.
Osredlar D, Toet MC, van Rooij LGM, van Huffelen AC, Groenendaal F, de Vries LS . Sleep-wake cycling on amplitude-integrated electroencephalography in term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 327–332.
Thoresen M, Hellström-Westas L, Liu X, de Vries LS . Effect of hypothermia on amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram in infants with asphyxia. Pediatrics 2010; 126: e131–e139.
Takenouchi T, Rubens EO, Yap VL, Ross G, Engel M, Perlman JM . Delayed onset of sleep-wake cycling with favorable outcome in hypothermic-treated neonates with encephalopathy. J Pediatr 2011; 159 (2): 232–237.
Rechtschaffen A, Kales A (eds). A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system of sleep stages in human subjects. Brain Information Service/Brain Research Institute, University of California: Los Angeles, 1968.
Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson A, Quan SF (eds). The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology, and technical specification 1st edn, American Academy of Sleep Medicine: Westchester, IL, 2007.
André M, Lamblin MD, d'Allest AM, Curzi-Dascalova L, Moussalli-Salefranque F, S Nguyen The T et al. Electroencephalography in preterm and full-term infants. Developmental features and glossary. Neurophysiol Clin 2010; 40: 59–124.
Scher MS, Steppe DA, Dahl RE, Asthana S, Guthrie RD . Comparison of EEG-sleep measures in healthy fullterm and preterm infants at matched postconceptional ages. Sleep 1992; 15: 442–448.
Watanabe K . The neurophysiological examination of the newborn infant. In: Eyre JA (eds). The Neurophysiological Examination of the Newborn Infant 1992; 11–47.
Prechtl HF . The organization of behavioral states and their dysfunction. Semin Perinatol 1992; 16: 258–263.
Anders T, Emde R, Parmelee A . A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and criteria for scoring of states of sleep and wakefulness in newborn infants. NINDS Neurological Information Network. UCLA Brain Information Service/BRI Publications Office: Los Angeles, CA, 1971.
Parmelee AH, Schulte FJ, Akiyama Y, Wenner WH, Stern E . Development of states in infants. In: Clemente CD, Purpura D, Mayer FE (eds). Sleep and the Maturing Nervous System. Academic Press: New York, 1972, 199–215.
Sterman M, Hoppenbrauwers T . The development of sleep-waking and rest-activity patterns from fetus to adult in man. In: Sterman M, McGinty D, Adinolfi A (eds). Brain Development and Behavior. Academic Press: New York, 1971; 203–225.
Hellström-Westas L, de Vries L, Rosen I . An atlas of amplitude-integrated EEGs in the newborn 2nd edn. Parthenon Publishing: London, 2008.
Scher MS, Johnson MW, Holditch-Davis D . Cyclicity of neonatal sleep behaviors at 25 to 30 weeks' postconceptional age. Pediatr Res 2005; 57: 879–882.
Olischar M, Klebermass K, Kuhle S, Hulek M, Kohlhauser C, Rücklinger E et al. Reference values for amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic activity in preterm infants younger than 30 weeks' gestational age. Pediatrics 2004; 113 (1): e61–e66.
Parmelee Jr AH, Wenner WH, Akiyama Y, Schultz M, Stern E . Sleep states in preterm infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 1967; 9: 70–77.
Pace-Schott EF, Hobson JA . The neurobiology of sleep: genetics, cellular physiology and subcortical networks. Nature Rev Neurosci 2002; 3: 591–605.
Khazipov R, Sirota A, Leinekugel X, Holmes GL, Ben Ari Y, Buzsaki G . Early motor activity drives spindle bursts in the developing somatosensory cortex. Nature 2004; 432: 758–761.
Steriade M, Timofeev I . Neuronal plasticity in thalamocortical networks during sleep and waking oscillations. Neuron 2003; 20: 563–576.
Contreras D, Destexhe A, Sejnowski TJ, Steriade M . Control of spatiotemporal coherence of a thalamic oscillation by corticothalamic feedback. Science 1996; 274 (5288): 771–774.
Holmes GL, Lombroso CT . Prognostic value of background patterns in the neonatal EEG. J Clin Neurophysiol 1993; 10: 323–352.
Clancy RR, Bergqvist AGC, Dlugos DJ . Neonatal electroencephalography. In: Ebersole J, Pedley T (eds). Current Practice of Clinical Electroencephalography. 3rd edn. Lippomcott Williams & Wilkins: Philadeiphia, 2003; 160–234.
Watanabe K, Miyazaki S, Hara K, Hakamada S . Behavioral state cycles, background EEGs and prognosis of newborns with perinatal hypoxia. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiology 1980; 49: 618–625.
Watanabe K, Iwase K, Hara K . Development of slow-wave sleep in low-birthweight infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 1974; 16: 23–31.
Rattenborg NC . Evolution of slow-wave sleep and palloppallial connectivity in mammals and birds: a hypothesis. Brain Res Bull 2006; 69: 20–29.
Miyazaki S, Watanabe K, Hara K . Heart rate variability in full-term normal and abnormal newborn infants during sleep. Brain Dev 1979; 1: 57–60.
Takeuchi T, Watanabe K . The EEG evolution and neurological prognosis of neonates with perinatal hypoxia. Brain Dev 1989; 11: 115–120.
Hellström-Westas L, de Vries LS, Greisen G . Amplitude-integrated EEG classification and interpretation in preterm and term infants. Neoreviews 2006; 7: e76–e87.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr Tetsuo Kubota of Anjo Kosei Hospital and Dr Toru Kato of Okazaki City Hospital for providing us the data of aEEG and conventional EEG for figures. Additionally, we thank Dr Eilon Shany of Ben Gurion University of Neger for notable comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kidokoro, H., Inder, T., Okumura, A. et al. What does cyclicity on amplitude-integrated EEG mean?. J Perinatol 32, 565–569 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2012.25
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2012.25
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Neuromonitoring in neonatal critical care part II: extremely premature infants and critically ill neonates
Pediatric Research (2023)
-
Early development of sleep and brain functional connectivity in term-born and preterm infants
Pediatric Research (2022)
-
The effects of betamethasone on the amplitude integrated EEG of infants born at 34- or 35-weeks gestation
Journal of Perinatology (2022)
-
Effect of prenatal marijuana exposure on sleep wake cycles and amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG)
Journal of Perinatology (2021)
-
Postnatal Maturation of Amplitude Integrated Electroencephalography (aEEG) in Preterm Small for Gestational Age Neonates
Indian Pediatrics (2018)