The different branches of traditional Asian medicine are frequently confused (Nature 480, S81–S103; 2011). Now could be the time to revive the centuries-old term 'Eastern medicine' to avoid such inaccuracies and to complement descriptions of Western medicine.

'Oriental' and 'Asian' medicine collectively describe the range of traditional treatments used in many Asian countries. Traditional Chinese medicine is more specific. Although practised mainly in China, it influenced the development of traditional medicines unique to Japan, Korea and Vietnam in the past few hundred years. Lumping all of these together as 'traditional Chinese medicine' is therefore incorrect.

The term 'Eastern medicine' was first coined in 1613 by a court physician in Korea, Heo Jun, in his book Donguibogam ('Principles and Practice of Eastern Medicine'). The book is still used in clinics and, in 2009, was added to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's World Documentary Heritage list.