Type 2 diabetes articles within Nature

Featured

  • Article |

    Integration of multiomics data with functional analysis of pancreatic tissues from individuals with early-stage type 2 diabetes indicates that the genetic risk converges on RFX6, which regulates chromatin architecture at multiple risk loci.

    • John T. Walker
    • , Diane C. Saunders
    •  & Marcela Brissova

  • Article |

    A role and mechanism of action are identified for INSP3R1 in the stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial oxidation by glucagon, suggesting that INSP3R1 may be a target for ameliorating dysregulation of hepatic glucose metabolism.

    • Rachel J. Perry
    • , Dongyan Zhang
    •  & Gerald I. Shulman

  • Review Article |

    A Review of studies into insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

    • Michael Roden
    •  & Gerald I. Shulman

  • Perspective
    | Open Access

    Over ten years, the Human Microbiome Project has provided resources for studying the microbiome and its relationship to disease; this Perspective summarizes the key achievements and findings of the project and its relationship to the broader field.

    • Lita M. Proctor
    • , Heather H. Creasy
    •  & Curtis Huttenhower

  • Letter |

    The Forkhead transcription factors FOXK1 and FOXK2, which are induced by starvation, reprogram cellular metabolism to induce aerobic glycolysis.

    • Valentina Sukonina
    • , Haixia Ma
    •  & Sven Enerbäck

  • Letter |

    Fat-resident regulatory T cells (fTreg cells) accumulate in adipose tissue of mice as a function of age, but not obesity; mice without fTreg cells are protected against age-associated insulin resistance, but remain susceptible to obesity-associated insulin resistance and metabolic disease, indicating different aetiologies of age-associated versus obesity-associated insulin resistance.

    • Sagar P. Bapat
    • , Jae Myoung Suh
    •  & Ye Zheng

  • Article |

    Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS), widely used food additives considered to be safe and beneficial alternatives to sugars, are shown here to lead to the development of glucose intolerance through compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiota of mice, and the deleterious metabolic effects are transferred to germ-free mice by faecal transplant; NAS-induced dysbiosis and glucose intolerance are also demonstrated in healthy human subjects.

    • Jotham Suez
    • , Tal Korem
    •  & Eran Elinav

  • Letter |

    An association mapping study of type-2-diabetes-related quantitative traits in the Greenlandic population identified a common variant in TBC1D4 that increases plasma glucose levels and serum insulin levels after an oral glucose load and type 2 diabetes risk, with effect sizes several times larger than any previous findings of large-scale genome-wide association studies for these traits.

    • Ida Moltke
    • , Niels Grarup
    •  & Torben Hansen

  • News & Views |

    An innovative method for probing the genomes of the vast community of microorganisms that inhabit the human gut provides an alternative approach to identifying risk factors for type 2 diabetes. See Letter p.55

    • Julia Oh
    •  & Julia A. Segre

  • Article |

    The authors have developed a new method, metagenome-wide association study (MGWAS), to compare the combined genetic content of the faecal microbiota of healthy people versus patients with type 2 diabetes; they identify multiple microbial species and metabolic pathways that are associated with either cohort and show that some of these may be used as biomarkers.

    • Junjie Qin
    • , Yingrui Li
    •  & Jun Wang

  • Outlook |

    Decades of study into the causes of diabetes have produced no definitive answers.

    • Erika Jonietz

  • Outlook |

    While type 1 diabetes might be promising ground for a vaccine, the most effective way to avoid type 2 remains good old-fashioned diet and exercise.

    • Scott P. Edwards

  • Article |

    Downregulation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 in adipose tissue occurs early in the development of type 2 diabetes; here GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake is shown to induce a novel form of the transcription factor ChREBP, which regulates de novo lipogenesis and systemic glucose metabolism.

    • Mark A. Herman
    • , Odile D. Peroni
    •  & Barbara B. Kahn

  • News |

    Profiles of a researcher's genes, proteins and more show personalized genomic medicine in action.

    • Carina Dennis

  • Letter |

    A non-coding region on chromosome 9p21 was previously shown to associate with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes, and the region has been implicated in regulating neighbouring genes. Here, 33 distinct enhancers within this region are identified, showing that SNPs in one of the enhancers affect STAT1 binding. Furthermore, it is shown that in human vascular endothelial cells the enhancer interval physically interacts with a number of specific loci and that IFN-γ activation strongly affects the chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation of the 9p21 locus, including STAT1 binding, long-range enhancer interactions and expression of neighbouring genes.

    • Olivier Harismendy
    • , Dimple Notani
    •  & Kelly A. Frazer

  • News & Views |

    With the spread of fast-food outlets and more sedentary lifestyles, the prevalence of diabetes in India is rising alarmingly. But the subpopulations at risk and the symptoms of the disease differ from those in the West.

    • Jared Diamond

  • Letter |

    Here it is shown that the consumption of a high-fat diet by male rats has an intergenerational effect: it leads to the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells in female offspring. Relative to controls, these offspring showed an early onset of impaired insulin secretion and glucose tolerance, which worsened with time. The results add to our understanding of the complex genetic and environmental factors that are leading to the global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

    • Sheau-Fang Ng
    • , Ruby C. Y. Lin
    •  & Margaret J. Morris

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