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| Open AccessNanoscale segregation of channel and barrier claudins enables paracellular ion flux
Meshworks of claudin polymers control the paracellular transport and barrier properties of epithelial tight junctions. Here, the authors show different claudin nanoscale organization principles, finding that claudin segregation enables barrier formation and paracellular ion flux across tight junctions.
- Hannes Gonschior
- , Christopher Schmied
- & Martin Lehmann
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Article
| Open AccessTight junction channel regulation by interclaudin interference
Tight junctions are formed by claudin proteins that can be classified as pore- or barrier-forming. Here, Shashikanth et al. report a third function, termed interclaudin interference, in which one claudin inhibits pore function of another claudin by disrupting its polymeric complexes.
- Nitesh Shashikanth
- , Marion M. France
- & Jerrold R. Turner
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Article
| Open AccessMicrovascular stabilization via blood-brain barrier regulation prevents seizure activity
The mechanisms underlying epilepsy development are not well understood. Here the authors show that loss of a key component of the so called blood-brain barrier drives seizures in mice and is also lost in humans with treatment resistant epilepsy
- Chris Greene
- , Nicole Hanley
- & Matthew Campbell
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| Open AccessLoss of CLDN5 in podocytes deregulates WIF1 to activate WNT signaling and contributes to kidney disease
Claudin-5 is a tight junction integral membrane protein, but it is also expressed in mature podocytes which lack tight junctions. Here the authors report that podocyte claudin-5 regulates WNT signaling activity by modulating WIF1 expression, and its downregulation contributes to kidney disease progression in mice.
- Hui Sun
- , Hui Li
- & Yongfeng Gong
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Article
| Open AccessPhysical basis for the determination of lumen shape in a simple epithelium
The formation of a hollow lumen surrounded by cells is a key developmental process that sets the shape of tissues and organs. Here, the authors show how the combined influence of geometric constraints imposed by cell packing and osmotic pressure can generate the diverse range in lumen shapes observed in different tissues.
- Claudia G. Vasquez
- , Vipul T. Vachharajani
- & Alexander R. Dunn
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| Open AccessMorphologic determinant of tight junctions revealed by claudin-3 structures
The main components of tight junctions (TJ) are claudins that polymerize and form meshwork architectures called TJ strands. Here the authors present the 3.6 Å crystal structure of murine claudin-3 and show that residue P134 causes a bending of the third transmembrane helix which affects the morphology and adhesiveness of the TJ strands.
- Shun Nakamura
- , Katsumasa Irie
- & Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
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Article
| Open AccessIntravital imaging-based analysis tools for vessel identification and assessment of concurrent dynamic vascular events
Different stimuli can induce dynamic changes in blood flow velocity, vessel diameter and permeability. Here the authors develop a multi-photon microscopy-based image analysis tool allowing the identification of vessels and the assessment of rapid changes in large vascular networks.
- Naoki Honkura
- , Mark Richards
- & Lena Claesson-Welsh
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| Open AccessE-cadherin integrates mechanotransduction and EGFR signaling to control junctional tissue polarization and tight junction positioning
In multi-layered epithelia tight junctions (TJ) are confined to the most suprabasal viable layer. Here the authors show that this is regulated by ubiquitously localized E-cadherin tuning junctional tension and EGFR activity to inhibit TJ formation in lower layers while promoting TJ stability in the granular layer 2.
- Matthias Rübsam
- , Aaron F. Mertz
- & Carien M. Niessen
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| Open AccessApical surface supracellular mechanical properties in polarized epithelium using noninvasive acoustic force spectroscopy
Determination of apical tension, fluidity, and intercellular adhesive forces in an epithelial monolayer are currently disruptive. Here the authors present a method using acoustic force microscopy to measure changes in these parameters upon tight junction structural alterations in a MDCK monolayer.
- Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera
- , Christina M. Van Itallie
- & Richard S. Chadwick
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Article
| Open AccessACF7 regulates inflammatory colitis and intestinal wound response by orchestrating tight junction dynamics
The cytoskeleton plays a key role in cell/cell junction formation, but how the coordinated behaviour of the cytoskeleton contributes is not known. Here the authors show that actin-microtubule crosslinker ACF7 plays a key role in tight junction stabilization and wound healing in intestinal epithelium.
- Yanlei Ma
- , Jiping Yue
- & Xiaoyang Wu
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Article
| Open AccessConcerted regulation of retinal pigment epithelium basement membrane and barrier function by angiocrine factors
Establishment of the outer blood-retina barrier is a hallmark of retinal development but the contribution of choroid endothelial cells (ECs) is not known. Here the authors show in the developing mouse retina that ECs remodel the basement membrane and lead to enhanced barrier function of retinal epithelial cells.
- Ignacio Benedicto
- , Guillermo L. Lehmann
- & Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan
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Article
| Open AccessRegulation of claudin/zonula occludens-1 complexes by hetero-claudin interactions
Alcohol abuse is a risk factor for acute respiratory distress syndrome, flooding of the lungs due to compromised barrier function. Here the authors report that alcohol upregulates claudin-5 that is then recruited to tight junctions in alveolar epithelial cells, causing the displacement of claudin-18 from ZO-1 and diminished barrier function.
- Barbara Schlingmann
- , Christian E. Overgaard
- & Michael Koval
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Article
| Open AccessGap geometry dictates epithelial closure efficiency
Epithelial wound closure proceeds through both crawling into the wound and by constricting an actomyosin cable in a so-called purse-string mechanism. Here the authors show that the two mechanisms are mechanically coupled and the curvature of the wound regulates the overall dynamics of wound closure.
- Andrea Ravasio
- , Ibrahim Cheddadi
- & Benoit Ladoux
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A peptide derived from laminin-γ3 reversibly impairs spermatogenesis in rats
The temporal opening and closing of cell–cell junctions at the blood–testis barrier allows the passage of immature germ cells during spermatogenesis. Su and colleagues identify a peptide fragment of the laminin-γ3 chain that disrupts the blood–testis barrier and reversibly impairs spermatogenesis in rats.
- Linlin Su
- , Dolores D. Mruk
- & C. Yan Cheng
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CPEB-mediated ZO-1 mRNA localization is required for epithelial tight-junction assembly and cell polarity
Zonal occludens and claudin form tight junctions near the apical surface of cells and are important in polarized epithelia. In this study, the translational regulatory sequence-specific RNA binding protein CPEB is shown to be required for the correct localization of zona occluden 1 mRNA in mammary epithelial cells.
- Kentaro Nagaoka
- , Tsuyoshi Udagawa
- & Joel D. Richter