Featured
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Article
| Open Access
Endoplasmic reticulum visits highly active spines and prevents runaway potentiation of synapses
In hippocampal pyramidal cells, a subset of dendritic spines contain endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, the authors show that ER enters dendritic spines in a non-random manner, during high synaptic activity with the function of limiting synaptic strength.
- Alberto Perez-Alvarez
- , Shuting Yin
- & Thomas G. Oertner
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Article
| Open Access
Microglia remodel synapses by presynaptic trogocytosis and spine head filopodia induction
Direct visualization of microglia-mediated synapse pruning has been lacking. This study shows direct evidence of microglia-synapse interaction where microglia do not necessarily ‘eat’ post-synaptic structure but ‘nibble’ on pre-synaptic terminals, much akin to trogocytosis by lymphocytes.
- Laetitia Weinhard
- , Giulia di Bartolomei
- & Cornelius T. Gross
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Article
| Open Access
Targeting Tyro3 ameliorates a model of PGRN-mutant FTLD-TDP via tau-mediated synaptic pathology
Progranulin (PGRN) mutations cause frontotemporal lobe dementia with TDP-43 pathology. Here the authors develop a mutant PGRN knock-in mouse model of the disease, and show that Tyro3, a tyrosine kinase membrane receptor that acts upstream of PKC and MAPK, is inhibited by PGRN which contributes to pathology in this model.
- Kyota Fujita
- , Xigui Chen
- & Hitoshi Okazawa
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Article
| Open Access
Hotspots of dendritic spine turnover facilitate clustered spine addition and learning and memory
Structural remodeling of dendritic spines is thought to be a mechanism of memory storage. Here, the authors look at how spine turnover and clustering predict future learning and memory performance, and see that a genetically modified mouse with enhanced spine turnover has enhanced learning.
- Adam C. Frank
- , Shan Huang
- & Alcino J. Silva
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Article
| Open Access
Lhx1/5 control dendritogenesis and spine morphogenesis of Purkinje cells via regulation of Espin
Purkinje cells (PCs) receive signals from different inputs through their extensively branched dendrites and dysregulation of this process leads to ataxia and other diseases. Here the authors show that the LIM-homeodomain transcription factors Lhx1 and Lhx5 govern dendritogenesis and dendritic spine morphogenesis in postnatal PCs through regulating Espin expression.
- Nga Chu Lui
- , Wing Yip Tam
- & Kin Ming Kwan
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Article
| Open Access
The calcium sensor Copine-6 regulates spine structural plasticity and learning and memory
Learning and memory depend on the structural and functional plasticity of synapses. Reinhard et al. show that the calcium sensor Copine-6 is required for memory, controls spine structure by regulating Rac signalling, and through its modulation of actin, supports hippocampal LTP.
- Judith R. Reinhard
- , Alexander Kriz
- & Markus A. Ruegg
Functional and multiscale 3D structural investigation of brain tissue through correlative in vivo physiology, synchrotron microtomography and volume electron microscopy