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Article
| Open AccessGenetic similarity between relatives provides evidence on the presence and history of assortative mating
Non-random mating can complicate genetic studies, but implications hinge on its history in prior generations. Here, the authors use genetic similarity between relatives to investigate which traits show evidence of recent changes in mating behavior.
- Hans Fredrik Sunde
- , Nikolai Haahjem Eftedal
- & Fartein Ask Torvik
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Article
| Open AccessChanges in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries
Tightness-looseness theory predicts that social norms strengthen following threat. Here the authors test this and find that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased, but no evidence was observed for a robust change in most other norms.
- Giulia Andrighetto
- , Aron Szekely
- & Kimmo Eriksson
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Article
| Open AccessIntegrating climate change induced flood risk into future population projections
Using historical data across the U.S., the authors find that population declines are associated with flood exposure. Projecting this relationship to 2053, the authors find that flood risk may result in 7% lower growth than otherwise expected.
- Evelyn G. Shu
- , Jeremy R. Porter
- & Edward Kearns
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Article
| Open AccessSubjective socioeconomic status and income inequality are associated with self-reported morality across 67 countries
People differ in the extent to which they experience a lack of economic resources compared to others. Here, the authors show that such experiences at the individual level as well as income inequality at the national level are associated with self-reported morality-related outcomes.
- Christian T. Elbæk
- , Panagiotis Mitkidis
- & Tobias Otterbring
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Article
| Open AccessInequalities in COVID-19 severe morbidity and mortality by country of birth in Sweden
The impacts of COVID-19 have been more severe in certain population groups, including migrants. In this total-population study from Sweden, the authors investigate the association between country of birth and COVID-19 related hospitalisation and death and describe how it changed over the first two years of the pandemic.
- Mikael Rostila
- , Agneta Cederström
- & Sol P. Juárez
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Article
| Open AccessUsing performance art to promote intergroup prosociality by cultivating the belief that empathy is unlimited
People tend to feel less empathy toward people who do not belong to their social group (outgroup members). Here, the authors show that leading people to believe that empathy is unlimited increases empathy, support for prosocial actions, and empathic behaviors toward outgroup members.
- Yossi Hasson
- , Einat Amir
- & Eran Halperin
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Article
| Open AccessDisparate impacts on online information access during the Covid-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated an important changes in online information access. Here, the authors analyse everyday web search interactions across 25,150 US ZIP codes revealing significant differences in how digital informational resources are mobilized by different communities.
- Jina Suh
- , Eric Horvitz
- & Tim Althoff
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Article
| Open AccessDaylight saving time affects European mortality patterns
How daylight saving time shift (DST) affects mortality dynamics on a large population scale remains unknown. Here, the authors examine the impact of DST on all-cause mortality in 16 European countries for the period 1998-2012.
- Laurent Lévy
- , Jean-Marie Robine
- & François R. Herrmann
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Article
| Open AccessModelling armed conflict risk under climate change with machine learning and time-series data
Using machine learning, the authors reveal that stable background conditions explain most variation in armed conflict risk worldwide. Positive temperature deviations and precipitation extremes also increase the risk of conflict onset and incidence.
- Quansheng Ge
- , Mengmeng Hao
- & Tobias Ide
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Article
| Open AccessUsing sero-epidemiology to monitor disparities in vaccination and infection with SARS-CoV-2
Continued monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 at the population level is important for identifying at-risk groups. Here the authors analyse data from a serological surveillance platform in San Francisco and find considerable variation in infection and vaccination history by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
- Isobel Routledge
- , Saki Takahashi
- & Isabel Rodríguez-Barraquer
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Article
| Open AccessAccuracy prompts are a replicable and generalizable approach for reducing the spread of misinformation
Prompting people to consider accuracy can improve the quality of news they share online. Here, using an internal meta-analysis, the authors show that this effect is replicable and generalizes across headlines, types of accuracy prompt, and various participant characteristics.
- Gordon Pennycook
- & David G. Rand
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Comment
| Open AccessCommunity voices: NIH working toward inclusive excellence by promoting and supporting women in science
The U. S. National Institutes of Health is committed to addressing gender discrimination and fostering inclusive excellence, which is critical for the advancement of creativity and innovation in science. Strategies and processes aimed at achieving these goals are discussed.
- Kelly G. Ten Hagen
- , Carrie Wolinetz
- & Marie A. Bernard
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Article
| Open AccessInteraction data are identifiable even across long periods of time
Large amounts of interaction data are collected by messaging apps, mobile phone carriers, and social media. Creţu et al. propose a behavioral profiling attack model and show that the stability of people’s interaction networks over time can allow individuals to be re-identified in interaction datasets.
- Ana-Maria Creţu
- , Federico Monti
- & Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye
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Article
| Open AccessCollective patterns of social diffusion are shaped by individual inertia and trend-seeking
Social convention change due to diffusion is often described by agent-based models focusing on the role of social coordination. In this work the authors uncover two additional individual-level mechanisms, trend-seeking and inertia, that can critically shape the collective behavior of the population.
- Mengbin Ye
- , Lorenzo Zino
- & Ming Cao
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Article
| Open AccessNeutral bots probe political bias on social media
Social media platforms moderating misinformation have been accused of political bias. Here, the authors use neutral social bots to show that, while there is no strong evidence for such a bias, the content to which Twitter users are exposed depends strongly on the political leaning of early Twitter connections.
- Wen Chen
- , Diogo Pacheco
- & Filippo Menczer
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Article
| Open AccessEvidence from a long-term experiment that collective risks change social norms and promote cooperation
Large-scale cooperation is needed to reduce existential risks like those posed by pandemics and climate change. Here the authors demonstrate that social norms can emerge and sustain cooperation in situations of collective risk and that the level of risk influences the strength of the norms.
- Aron Szekely
- , Francesca Lipari
- & Giulia Andrighetto
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Article
| Open AccessInvestigating the role of group-based morality in extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice
Understanding motivations underlying acts of hatred are essential for developing strategies to prevent such acts against marginalized groups. Here the authors show that group-based moral values are associated with tendency to justify extreme behavioural expressions of prejudice.
- Joe Hoover
- , Mohammad Atari
- & Morteza Dehghani
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Article
| Open AccessTopological measures for identifying and predicting the spread of complex contagions
Understanding of complex contagions is crucial for explaining diffusion processes in networks. Guilbeault and Centola introduce topological mechanisms and measures to elucidate spreading dynamics and identify the most influential nodes in social, epidemic and economic networks.
- Douglas Guilbeault
- & Damon Centola
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Review Article
| Open AccessCity footprints and SDGs provide untapped potential for assessing city sustainability
Whether or not a city achieves absolute sustainability is difficult to assess with existing frameworks. Here the authors, in a review, show that a further integration of consumption-based accounting and benchmarking is necessary to aid the monitoring and assessment of Sustainable Development Goals in cities.
- Thomas Wiedmann
- & Cameron Allen
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Article
| Open AccessAdherence to public institutions that foster cooperation
Here, the authors examine how altruism can emerge as people come to trust a public institution of moral assessment, which broadcasts whether individuals have good or bad reputations for reciprocity.
- Arunas L. Radzvilavicius
- , Taylor A. Kessinger
- & Joshua B. Plotkin
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Article
| Open AccessWise reasoning, intergroup positivity, and attitude polarization across contexts
Here, the authors show that an integrative thinking process linked philosophically to wisdom may reduce group polarization. Specifically, wise reasoning improves intergroup attitudes and behavior even at time of heightened societal conflicts.
- Justin P. Brienza
- , Franki Y. H. Kung
- & Melody M. Chao
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Article
| Open AccessModularity and composite diversity affect the collective gathering of information online
Here, the authors test the ability of groups to predict real world geopolitical events using online content, and provide evidence suggesting that group diversity helps forecasting ability as a function of group size.
- Niccolò Pescetelli
- , Alex Rutherford
- & Iyad Rahwan
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Article
| Open AccessClimatic conditions are weak predictors of asylum migration
Adverse climatic conditions are commonly reported to shape asylum migration, but their effect relative to other drivers is unknown. Here the authors compare climatic, economic, and political factors as predictors of future asylum flows to the EU and find that war and repression are the most important factors.
- Sebastian Schutte
- , Jonas Vestby
- & Halvard Buhaug
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Article
| Open AccessMeasuring inequality in community resilience to natural disasters using large-scale mobility data
Understanding how cities respond to extreme weather is critical; as such events are becoming more frequent. Using anonymized mobile phone data for Houston, Texas during Hurricane Harvey in 2017, the authors find that mobility behavior exposes neighborhood disparities in resilience capacity and recovery.
- Boyeong Hong
- , Bartosz J. Bonczak
- & Constantine E. Kontokosta
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Article
| Open AccessInequality is rising where social network segregation interacts with urban topology
Not much is known about the joint relationships between social network structure, urban geography, and inequality. Here, the authors analyze an online social network and find that the fragmentation of social networks is significantly higher in towns in which residential neighborhoods are divided by physical barriers such as rivers and railroads.
- Gergő Tóth
- , Johannes Wachs
- & Balázs Lengyel
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Article
| Open AccessSynchronization of complex human networks
Understanding the synchronization of human networks is important in many aspects, but current research is suffering from limited control and noisy environments. Shahal et al. show a quantitative study with full control over the network connectivity, coupling strength and delay among interacting violin players.
- Shir Shahal
- , Ateret Wurzberg
- & Moti Fridman
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Perspective
| Open AccessScientists’ warning on affluence
Current environmental impact mitigation neglects over-consumption from affluent citizens as a primary driver. The authors highlight the role of bottom-up movements to overcome structural economic growth imperatives spurring consumption by changing structures and culture towards safe and just systems.
- Thomas Wiedmann
- , Manfred Lenzen
- & Julia K. Steinberger
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Article
| Open AccessSaving less in China facilitates global CO2 mitigation
The partial effects of saving rate changes on CO2 emissions remain unclear. Here the authors found that the increase in saving rates of China has led to increments of global industrial CO2 emissions by 189 million tonnes (Mt) during 2007-2012, while global CO2 emissions would be reduced by 186 Mt if the saving rates of China decreased by 15 percentage points.
- Chen Lin
- , Jianchuan Qi
- & Zhifeng Yang
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Article
| Open AccessGenome-wide analysis identifies molecular systems and 149 genetic loci associated with income
Household income is used as a marker of socioeconomic position, a trait that is associated with better physical and mental health. Here, Hill et al. report a genome-wide association study for household income in the UK and explore its relationship with intelligence in post-GWAS analyses including Mendelian randomization.
- W. David Hill
- , Neil M. Davies
- & Ian J. Deary
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Comment
| Open AccessMotivating actions to mitigate plastic pollution
Plastic pollution is a purely anthropogenic problem and cannot be solved without large-scale human action. Motivating mitigation actions requires more realistic assumptions about human decision-making based on empirical evidence from the behavioural sciences enabling the design of more effective interventions.
- Lili Jia
- , Steve Evans
- & Sander van der Linden
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Article
| Open AccessAccelerating dynamics of collective attention
The impacts of technological development on social sphere lack strong empirical foundation. Here the authors presented quantitative analysis of the phenomenon of social acceleration across a range of digital datasets and found that interest appears in bursts that dissipate on decreasing timescales and occur with increasing frequency.
- Philipp Lorenz-Spreen
- , Bjarke Mørch Mønsted
- & Sune Lehmann
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Article
| Open AccessBridge ties bind collective memories
Social groups form collective memories, but the temporal dynamics of this process are unclear. Here, the authors show that when early conversations involve individuals that bridge across clusters of a social network, the network reaches higher mnemonic convergence compared to when early conversations occur within clusters.
- Ida Momennejad
- , Ajua Duker
- & Alin Coman
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Comment
| Open AccessThe sharing economy promotes sustainable societies
Sharing activities are under wide debate regarding the environmental impacts. Here the authors reviewed their benefits and problems and suggested that a simultaneous improvement of both ecological and economic efficiency is necessary to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
- Zhifu Mi
- & D’Maris Coffman
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Article
| Open AccessThe spread of low-credibility content by social bots
Online misinformation is a threat to a well-informed electorate and undermines democracy. Here, the authors analyse the spread of articles on Twitter, find that bots play a major role in the spread of low-credibility content and suggest control measures for limiting the spread of misinformation.
- Chengcheng Shao
- , Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia
- & Filippo Menczer
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Article
| Open AccessSequences of purchases in credit card data reveal lifestyles in urban populations
Digital traces of our lives have the potential to allow insights into collective behaviors. Here, the authors cluster consumers by their credit card purchase sequences and discover five distinct groups, within which individuals also share similar mobility and demographic attributes.
- Riccardo Di Clemente
- , Miguel Luengo-Oroz
- & Marta C. González