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Foxd1 is a mediator and indicator of the cell reprogramming process
The forkhead box transcription factor Foxo1 is required for the maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells. Here Koga et al.show that expression of another forkhead box transcription factor, Foxd1, promotes and indicates successful reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
- Makito Koga
- , Mitsuhiro Matsuda
- & Miki Ebisuya
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Environmental impact on direct neuronal reprogramming in vivo in the adult brain
A combination of growth factors and the transcription factor Neurogenin2 has been shown to enhance the production of new neurons from endogenous cells. Here Grandeet al.demonstrate in a rat brain injury model that these factors reprogramme non-neuronal cells into different neuronal phenotypes at distinct efficiencies depending on the environment the cells reside in.
- Andrew Grande
- , Kyoko Sumiyoshi
- & Masato Nakafuku
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MacroH2A histone variants act as a barrier upon reprogramming towards pluripotency
Chromatin templates can act as barriers against cellular reprogramming. Gaspar-Maia and colleagues use mouse models deficient in the histone variants macroH2A1 and macroH2A2, and find that macroH2A functions as an epigenetic barrier against induced pluripotency by silencing Utx target genes.
- Alexandre Gaspar-Maia
- , Zulekha A. Qadeer
- & Emily Bernstein
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Analysis of protein-coding mutations in hiPSCs and their possible role during somatic cell reprogramming
Recent studies have shown that human induced pluripotent stem cells contain point mutations in coding regions, but the functional significance of these mutations is unclear. Here the authors provide evidence that these mutations are unlikely to confer a selective advantage for reprogramming.
- Sergio Ruiz
- , Athurva Gore
- & Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
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Article
| Open Access
A kinase inhibitor screen identifies small-molecule enhancers of reprogramming and iPS cell generation
The efficiency of reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells is low. To enhance reprogramming efficiency, Li and Rana used a chemical screen and identified several kinase inhibitors that enhance reprogramming, and show that blocking Aurora A, p38 and inositiol triphosphate 3-kinase signalling is important for this process.
- Zhonghan Li
- & Tariq M. Rana
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Article
| Open Access
JAK/STAT3 signalling is sufficient and dominant over antagonistic cues for the establishment of naive pluripotency
Culture conditions are critical for the successful induction of pluripotent stem cells and define whether cells are primed or naïve. Here, activation of JAK/STAT3 signalling is shown to be sufficient and dominant over antagonistic cues to enable the induction of a naïve pluripotent state in stem cells.
- Anouk L. van Oosten
- , Yael Costa
- & José C.R. Silva
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Reprogramming within hours following nuclear transfer into mouse but not human zygotes
The generation of human cell lines using somatic cell nuclear transfer has been difficult to achieve. In this study, Egliet al. show that while mouse eggs reprogram somatic cells within hours, human eggs arrest after nuclear transfer which may be due to a lack of genome transcription.
- Dieter Egli
- , Alice E. Chen
- & Kevin Eggan
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5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in the mammalian zygote is linked with epigenetic reprogramming
Pronucleus DNA becomes demethylated during zygotic development. Here, the authors demonstrate that the reduction in 5-methylcytosine levels is accompanied by an increase in the presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and suggest that this has a role in developmental reprogramming.
- Mark Wossidlo
- , Toshinobu Nakamura
- & Jörn Walter
Epigenetic plasticity of Cd8a locus during CD8+ T-cell development and effector differentiation and reprogramming