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| Open AccessNeutron scattering and neural-network quantum molecular dynamics investigation of the vibrations of ammonia along the solid-to-liquid transition
Through neutron scattering experiments coupled with machine learning, the authors uncover the strong role of nuclear quantum effects in the dynamics of ammonia in both its solid and technologically relevant liquid phase.
- T. M. Linker
- , A. Krishnamoorthy
- & P. D. Vashishta
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Article
| Open AccessA linear response framework for quantum simulation of bosonic and fermionic correlation functions
As quantum simulations advance, the ability to measure response functions of simulated systems becomes increasingly important. Here the authors present a linear response framework for computing fermionic and bosonic response functions on a quantum computer, demonstrating advantages over existing methods.
- Efekan Kökcü
- , Heba A. Labib
- & A. F. Kemper
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Article
| Open AccessRevealing the three-dimensional arrangement of polar topology in nanoparticles
Low-dimensional ferroelectric systems are predicted to have topologically nontrivial polar structures, such as vortices or skyrmions. Here authors present atomic-scale 3D topological polar structures in BaTiO3 nanoparticles using atomic electron tomography and revealed their size-dependent transitions.
- Chaehwa Jeong
- , Juhyeok Lee
- & Yongsoo Yang
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Article
| Open AccessObservation of interlayer plasmon polaron in graphene/WS2 heterostructures
Here, the authors report the observation of an interlayer plasmon polaron in heterostructures composed of graphene and monolayer WS2. This is manifested in the ARPES spectra as a strong quasiparticle peak accompanied by several carrier density-dependent shake-off replicas around the WS2 conduction band minimum.
- Søren Ulstrup
- , Yann in ’t Veld
- & Jyoti Katoch
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Article
| Open AccessVisualizing the gas-sensitive structure of the CuZn surface in methanol synthesis catalysis
Industrial methanol synthesis uses materials based on Cu and ZnO. We present high-resolution imaging of active surfaces which reveals how Zn species are transported at the active Cu interface in diffusion processes controlled by the reactant gas composition.
- Sigmund Jensen
- , Mathias H. R. Mammen
- & Jeppe V. Lauritsen
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Article
| Open AccessControlling chaos using edge computing hardware
Creating accurate digital twins and controlling nonlinear systems displaying chaotic dynamics is challenging due to high system sensitivity to initial conditions and perturbations. The authors introduce a nonlinear controller for chaotic systems, based on next-generation reservoir computing, with improved accuracy, energy cost, and suitable for implementation with field-programmable gate arrays.
- Robert M. Kent
- , Wendson A. S. Barbosa
- & Daniel J. Gauthier
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Article
| Open AccessSpontaneous persistent activity and inactivity in vivo reveals differential cortico-entorhinal functional connectivity
Cortico-entorhinal interactions remain poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a model of interacting networks predicts spontaneous persistent activity and inactivity in the medial, but not lateral, entorhinal cortex in vivo.
- Krishna Choudhary
- , Sven Berberich
- & Mayank R. Mehta
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Article
| Open AccessSemantic regularization of electromagnetic inverse problems
Solving ill-posed inverse problems require regularisation based on prior knowledge, which is formulated mathematically or learned from data. Here, the authors demonstrated the concept of semantic regularisation based on large language model to circumvent the current limitation.
- Hongrui Zhang
- , Yanjin Chen
- & Lianlin Li
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Article
| Open AccessProbing the activated complex of the F + NH3 reaction via a dipole-bound state
Experimental characterization of the transition state in chemical reactions is challenging due to its transient nature. Here, Zhang et al. observe quantum states near the activated complex region of the F + NH3 → HF + NH2 reaction via a dipole-bound state of the FNH3- anion formed upon photodetachment, which allows probing regions of reactive potential energy surfaces out of the Franck-Condon-active areas.
- Rui Zhang
- , Shuaiting Yan
- & Chuangang Ning
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Article
| Open AccessFree-standing ultrathin silicon wafers and solar cells through edges reinforcement
Lightweight and flexible thin crystalline silicon solar cells have huge market potential but remain relatively unexplored. Here, authors present a thin silicon structure with reinforced ring to prepare free-standing 4.7-μm 4-inch silicon wafers, achieving efficiency of 20.33% for 28-μm solar cells.
- Taojian Wu
- , Zhaolang Liu
- & Wenzhong Shen
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Article
| Open AccessQuantum fluctuations lead to glassy electron dynamics in the good metal regime of electron doped KTaO3
An electron glass state usually occurs in disordered insulating systems. Here the authors report evidence of glassy dynamics of conduction electrons in an electron-doped quantum paraelectric material KTaO3, in the good metal regime, where quantum fluctuations play an important role.
- Shashank Kumar Ojha
- , Sankalpa Hazra
- & Srimanta Middey
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Article
| Open AccessTopologically trivial gap-filling in superconducting Fe(Se,Te) by one-dimensional defects
Previous measurements of FeSe0.45Te0.55 found one-dimensional (1D) defects that were interpretated as domain walls hosting propagating Majorana topological modes. Here, the authors reveal that these 1D defects correspond to sub-surface debris and show that the filling of the superconducting gap on these defects is topologically trivial.
- A. Mesaros
- , G. D. Gu
- & F. Massee
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Article
| Open AccessRevealing the spatial nature of sublattice symmetry
Sublattice symmetry has long been synonymous with chiral symmetry when it comes to topological classification. Here, the authors challenge this notion by systematically investigating sublattice symmetry and revealing its spatial nature with a precise description in terms of symmetry algebra and representation.
- Rong Xiao
- & Y. X. Zhao
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Article
| Open AccessSymmetry breaking in optimal transport networks
Finding an optimal shape for transport networks, represented as multilayer structures, is a challenging problem. The authors propose analytical and computational frameworks to analyze sharp transitions from symmetric to asymmetric shapes in optimal networks, that can be applied for planning and development of improved multimodal transportation systems within a city.
- Siddharth Patwardhan
- , Marc Barthelemy
- & Filippo Radicchi
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Article
| Open AccessThe role of memory-dependent friction and solvent viscosity in isomerization kinetics in viscogenic media
Molecular isomerization in solution is dependent on coupling of solute and solvent via memory-dependent friction. Here, by applying memory kernel extraction to molecular dynamics simulations, the authors demonstrate the role of friction in determining isomerization kinetics.
- Benjamin A. Dalton
- , Henrik Kiefer
- & Roland R. Netz
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Article
| Open AccessBose-Einstein condensation of non-ground-state caesium atoms
Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) of ultracold atoms serve as low-entropy sources for a multitude of quantum-science applications. Here, the authors realize a non-ground-state caesium BEC with tunable interactions and tunable loss, opening up new possibilities for polaron and impurity physics.
- Milena Horvath
- , Sudipta Dhar
- & Hanns-Christoph Nägerl
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Article
| Open AccessObservation of dichotomic field-tunable electronic structure in twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene
The phase diagram of twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene depends on the electric field direction, exhibiting phases similar to twisted bilayer and double-bilayer graphene. Here the authors study the field dependent electronic structure, in particular flat bands, using nano-ARPES and explain the field-tunability.
- Hongyun Zhang
- , Qian Li
- & Shuyun Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessWeyl spin-momentum locking in a chiral topological semimetal
Spin-momentum locking is a fundamental property of condensed matter systems. Here, the authors evidence parallel Weyl spin-momentum locking of multifold fermions in the chiral topological semimetal PtGa.
- Jonas A. Krieger
- , Samuel Stolz
- & Niels B. M. Schröter
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Article
| Open AccessUniversal scaling law for chiral antiferromagnetism
Chiral antiferromagnets, such as Mn3Pt, host a variety of transport phenomena arising due to the chiral arrangement of the spins. Herein, the authors find two contributions to the anomalous hall effect in Mn3Pt, and through comparison with other chiral antiferromagnets develop a universal scaling law for the anomalous hall effect in chiral antiferromagnets.
- Shijie Xu
- , Bingqian Dai
- & Weisheng Zhao
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Article
| Open AccessTransition role of entangled data in quantum machine learning
Given that entangled states can store more information than unentangled ones, it would be natural to assume that highly-entangled data would always enhance capabilities of quantum machine learning models. Here, the authors show that this is not the case, in particular when the allowed number of measurements to incoherently learn quantum dynamics is low
- Xinbiao Wang
- , Yuxuan Du
- & Dacheng Tao
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Article
| Open AccessArbitrary engineering of spatial caustics with 3D-printed metasurfaces
Caustics, as a unique type of singularity in wave phenomena, occur in diverse physical systems. Here, the authors realize multi-dimensional customization of caustics with 3D-printed metasurfaces. This arbitrary caustic engineering is poised to bring new revolutions to many domains.
- Xiaoyan Zhou
- , Hongtao Wang
- & Cheng-Wei Qiu
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Article
| Open AccessMulti-site integrated optical addressing of trapped ions
A promising strategy for scaling trapped-ion-based quantum technologies is to use fully integrated optical waveguides to deliver light to numerous ions at multiple sites. Here, the authors. optically address three ions using on-chip waveguides to deliver three distinct wavelengths per ion, and perform Rabi flopping on each ion simultaneously.
- Joonhyuk Kwon
- , William J. Setzer
- & Hayden J. McGuinness
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Article
| Open AccessAnomalous dynamics of a passive droplet in active turbulence
The fluctuating dynamics of a passive object suspended in an active fluid can provide fundamental insight into the fundamental non-equilibrium behavior of the fluid. Singh and Chaudhuri theoretically investigate the dynamics of a passive deformable droplet in active nematic turbulence and show how the motion of the droplet is influenced by the interplay of spatial correlations of the flow and the size of the droplet.
- Chamkor Singh
- & Abhishek Chaudhuri
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Article
| Open AccessSurpassing millisecond coherence in on chip superconducting quantum memories by optimizing materials and circuit design
Understanding loss mechanisms in superconducting circuits is crucial for improving qubit coherence. Here the authors use a multimode resonator to study loss mechanisms in thin-film superconducting circuits and demonstrate on-chip quantum memories with lifetimes exceeding 1ms, using Ta thin-films and high-temperature substrate annealing
- Suhas Ganjam
- , Yanhao Wang
- & Robert J. Schoelkopf
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessOn the statistical foundation of a recent single molecule FRET benchmark
- Ayush Saurabh
- , Lance W. Q. Xu
- & Steve Pressé
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Article
| Open AccessCharge density waves tuned by biaxial tensile stress
Previous studies of the effects of strain on charge density waves have mostly focused on uniaxial strain. Here the authors use a biaxial-strain device to demonstrate switching of the charge density wave orientation, as well as a strong linear increase of the transition temperature while the gap seems to saturate.
- A. Gallo–Frantz
- , V. L. R. Jacques
- & D. Le Bolloc’h
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Article
| Open AccessSolving conformal defects in 3D conformal field theory using fuzzy sphere regularization
The study of defects and boundaries in the context of conformal field theory is important but challenging in dimensions higher than two. Here the authors use the recently developed fuzzy sphere regularization approach to perform non-perturbative analysis of defect conformal field theory in 3D
- Liangdong Hu
- , Yin-Chen He
- & W. Zhu
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Article
| Open AccessTraining an Ising machine with equilibrium propagation
Ising machines have been usually applied to predefined combinatorial problems due to their distinct physical properties. The authors introduce an approach that utilizes equilibrium propagation for the training of Ising machines and achieves high accuracy performance on classification tasks.
- Jérémie Laydevant
- , Danijela Marković
- & Julie Grollier
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Article
| Open AccessPhotonic time-crystalline behaviour mediated by phonon squeezing in Ta2NiSe5
Photonic time crystal refers to a material whose dielectric properties oscillate in time. Here the authors theoretically show such behaviour in the excitonic insulator candidate Ta2NiSe5 under optical excitation and use it to explain the enhanced THz reflectivity recently observed in pump-probe experiments
- Marios H. Michael
- , Sheikh Rubaiat Ul Haque
- & Eugene Demler
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Article
| Open AccessStress-shape misalignment in confluent cell layers
When studying nematic ordering of cells in a monolayer, it is commonly assumed that the principal stress and cell shape axes are tightly coupled. Here, the authors measure cell shape and cell-generated contractile stresses and show that cells in monolayers form correlated, dynamic domains in which the stresses are systematically misaligned with the cell bodies.
- Mehrana R. Nejad
- , Liam J. Ruske
- & Julia M. Yeomans
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Article
| Open AccessCurrent-sensitive Hall effect in a chiral-orbital-current state
In most materials, the hall conductivity has a scaling to the longitudinal resistance that varies between linear and quadratic. Here, Zhang et al demonstrate a hall conductivity proportional to the fifth power of the longitudinal conductivity in Mn3Si2Te6, which they attribute to enhanced force on charge carriers due to chiral orbital currents.
- Yu Zhang
- , Yifei Ni
- & Gang Cao
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Article
| Open AccessFrequency tunable magnetostatic wave filters with zero static power magnetic biasing circuitry
Magnetostatic wave filters have a wide working frequency range, small size and high Q-factor, however, they are hampered by the need for a large external electromagnet to provide a bias magnetic field. Here, Du et al demonstrate an extremely small and low power external magnetic bias assembly with zero static power consumption, removing the need for bulky and energy intensive electromagnets.
- Xingyu Du
- , Mohamad Hossein Idjadi
- & Roy H. Olsson III
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Article
| Open AccessFrequency-encoded eye tracking smart contact lens for human–machine interaction
Eye tracking techniques enable high-efficient, natural, and effortless human-machine interaction. Here, Zhu et al. proposed a contact lens to track eye movement for wireless eye-machine interaction
- Hengtian Zhu
- , Huan Yang
- & Fei Xu
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Article
| Open AccessRevealing hidden spin polarization in centrosymmetric van der Waals materials on ultrafast timescales
A major challenge for spin-based information technologies is the generation of spin polarization in otherwise nonmagnetic materials. Here, Arnoldi et al. demonstrate how ultrafast laser excitations can be used to generate spin polarization in a fullerene/tungsten diselenide heterostructure.
- B. Arnoldi
- , S. L. Zachritz
- & B. Stadtmüller
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Article
| Open AccessLocal gate control of Mott metal-insulator transition in a 2D metal-organic framework
The electronic correlation-driven Mott metal-insulator transition has been predicted in a 2D metal-organic framework with a kagome structure. Here the authors synthesize such a system in experiment and demonstrate an electrostatically controlled Mott transition.
- Benjamin Lowe
- , Bernard Field
- & Agustin Schiffrin
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Article
| Open AccessSuppressing dipolar relaxation in thin layers of dysprosium atoms
Confining atoms to lattices can modify their interaction and collision. Here the authors show suppression of dipolar relaxation in the form of reduced decay rate of dysprosium atoms in quasi-2D regime.
- Pierre Barral
- , Michael Cantara
- & Wolfgang Ketterle
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Article
| Open AccessVisualizing a single wavefront dislocation induced by orbital angular momentum in graphene
Phase singularities are intimately related to orbital angular momentum. Direct local imaging of orbital angular momentum effects at the nanoscale remains challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate via scanning tunnelling microscopy that inter-orbital angular momentum scatterings induced by asymmetric potentials can modulate the phase singularities and induce single-wavefront dislocations.
- Yi-Wen Liu
- , Yu-Chen Zhuang
- & Lin He
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-entropy engineering of the crystal and electronic structures in a Dirac material
Manipulating the electronic properties of topological semimetals is a central goal of modern condensed matter physics research. Here, the authors demonstrate how a high-entropy engineering approach allows for the tuning of the crystal structure and the electronic states in a Dirac semimetal.
- Antu Laha
- , Suguru Yoshida
- & Zhiqiang Mao
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Article
| Open AccessA substitutional quantum defect in WS2 discovered by high-throughput computational screening and fabricated by site-selective STM manipulation
Point defects in 2D semiconductors have potential for quantum computing applications, but their controlled design and synthesis remains challenging. Here, the authors identify and fabricate a promising quantum defect in 2D WS2 via high-throughput computational screening and scanning tunnelling microscopy.
- John C. Thomas
- , Wei Chen
- & Geoffroy Hautier
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Article
| Open AccessQuantum annealing of a frustrated magnet
Quantum annealing is usually discussed as a means of finding an optimal solution for a problem where there are many local minima, such as the travelling salesman. Here, Zhao et al present an intriguing example of quantum annealing in the case of the frustrated magnet α-CoV2O6, where a transverse magnetic field triggers the quantum annealing process.
- Yuqian Zhao
- , Zhaohua Ma
- & Yuesheng Li
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Article
| Open AccessWindSeer: real-time volumetric wind prediction over complex terrain aboard a small uncrewed aerial vehicle
Wind has a large impact on the safety and efficiency of small uncrewed aerial vehicles. Here, the authors present a neural network-based method for estimating the wind at meter-scale resolution around complex terrain solely based on terrain knowledge and local onboard wind observations.
- Florian Achermann
- , Thomas Stastny
- & Nicholas Lawrance
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Article
| Open AccessMagnetically propagating Hund’s exciton in van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3
Recently, excitons with unconventional properties were reported in a van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3. Here, using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, the authors show that the formation of these excitons is primarily driven by Hund’s coupling and that they propagate similarly to two-magnon excitations.
- W. He
- , Y. Shen
- & M. P. M. Dean
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Article
| Open AccessNanosecond anomaly detection with decision trees and real-time application to exotic Higgs decays
Real-time inference of collisions using unsupervised AI for discovery is of interest in particle physics. Here, authors present the training and efficient implementation of a decision tree-based autoencoder used as an anomaly detector that executes at 30 ns on FPGA for use in edge computing.
- S. T. Roche
- , Q. Bayer
- & T. M. Hong
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Article
| Open AccessPlanar thermal Hall effect from phonons in a Kitaev candidate material
The thermal Hall effect is a novel probe of neutral excitations in insulators; however, the mechanism behind one type of neutral excitations – phonons – is still unclear. Here the authors observe a planar thermal Hall effect in the Kitaev candidate material Na2Co2TeO6 and proposed that it is generated by phonons.
- Lu Chen
- , Étienne Lefrançois
- & Louis Taillefer
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Article
| Open AccessScalable computation of anisotropic vibrations for large macromolecular assemblies
Normal mode analysis is a crucial step in structural biology, but is based on an expensive diagonalisation of the system’s Hessian. Here the authors present INCHING, a GPU-based approach to accelerate this task up to >250 times over current methods for macromolecular assemblies.
- Jordy Homing Lam
- , Aiichiro Nakano
- & Vsevolod Katritch
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Article
| Open AccessCorrelation between two distant quasiparticles in separate superconducting islands mediated by a single spin
The authors experimentally study a chain of superconducting islands (SI) and quantum dots (QD), where a Bogoliubov quasiparticle occupies each SI. They demonstrate correlations between the quasiparticles in each SI mediated by a single spin on the QD, known as an “over-screened" doublet state of the QD.
- Juan Carlos Estrada Saldaña
- , Alexandros Vekris
- & Jesper Nygård
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Article
| Open AccessFlow interactions lead to self-organized flight formations disrupted by self-amplifying waves
Schools, flocks and related forms of collective behavior and collective locomotion involve complicated fluid dynamical interactions. Here, using a “mock flock" of robotic flappers, authors report that the interaction between leaders and followers is similar to one-way springs, leading to lattice-like self-organization but also a new type of traveling-wave disturbance.
- Joel W. Newbolt
- , Nickolas Lewis
- & Leif Ristroph
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Article
| Open AccessFlower-shaped 2D crystals grown in curved fluid vesicle membranes
Thin crystals grown on rigid spherical templates of increasing curvature exhibit increased protrusions. Here, the authors demonstrate the opposite curvature effect on the morphology of molecularly thin crystals grown within elastic fluid membranes, like those of biological cells.
- Hao Wan
- , Geunwoong Jeon
- & Maria M. Santore
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Article
| Open AccessQuantum critical phase of FeO spans conditions of Earth’s lower mantle
Large-scale eDMFT computation reveals that FeO undergoes a gradual orbitally selective insulator-metal transition across the extreme conditions of Earth’s interior, with implications for compositions and conductivity of the core-mantle boundary region.
- Wai-Ga D. Ho
- , Peng Zhang
- & Vasilije V. Dobrosavljevic
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