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| Open AccessAcetylcholine prioritises direct synaptic inputs from entorhinal cortex to CA1 by differential modulation of feedforward inhibitory circuits
In this study, acetylcholine release is shown to reorganise hippocampal CA1 inhibitory networks resulting in prioritisation of entorhinal input over CA3 input. This is achieved by activation of a combination of M3 and M4 muscarinic receptors.
- Jon Palacios-Filardo
- , Matt Udakis
- & Jack R. Mellor
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Article
| Open AccessIntegrating pheromonal and spatial information in the amygdalo-hippocampal network
Male and female mice need to generate spatial maps that integrate vomeronasal signals of territory owners in the hippocampus-dependent memory. The authors show that vomeronasal information influences learning-related activity in the hippocampus via the amygdaloid PMCo, lateral entorhinal cortex, and dorsal CA1.
- María Villafranca-Faus
- , Manuel Esteban Vila-Martín
- & Vicent Teruel-Martí
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| Open AccessMEG source imaging detects optogenetically-induced activity in cortical and subcortical networks
Identifying causal interactions between brain regions is important to understand its computations. Here the authors present optoMEG, a platform for combining optogenetic techniques with high-resolution magnetic source imaging in nonhuman primates to map network activation.
- Gregory E. Alberto
- , Jennifer R. Stapleton-Kotloski
- & Dwayne W. Godwin
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Article
| Open AccessOrexin receptors 1 and 2 in serotonergic neurons differentially regulate peripheral glucose metabolism in obesity
The wake-active orexin system plays a central role in the dynamic regulation of glucose homeostasis. Here the authors report that inactivation of the orexin receptor type 1 or 2 in serotonergic neurons differentially regulate systemic glucose homeostasis in the context of diet induced obesity.
- Xing Xiao
- , Gagik Yeghiazaryan
- & A. Christine Hausen
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Article
| Open AccessElectrode pooling can boost the yield of extracellular recordings with switchable silicon probes
Silicon probes for electrical recording from neurons usually have fewer wires than recording channels available to carry signals off the probe, which restricts the number of channels that can be recorded simultaneously. The authors propose to pool electrodes, using a single wire to serve many channels through a set of controllable switches.
- Kyu Hyun Lee
- , Yu-Li Ni
- & Markus Meister
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Article
| Open AccessNTS Prlh overcomes orexigenic stimuli and ameliorates dietary and genetic forms of obesity
Calcitonin receptor-expressing neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius contribute to long-term control of food intake and body weight. The authors show that a subset of these cells expresses Prlh and that enhancing Prlh-mediated neurotransmission from the NTS dampens hypothalamically-driven hyperphagia and obesity in mice.
- Wenwen Cheng
- , Ermelinda Ndoka
- & Martin G. Myers Jr
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Article
| Open AccessStimulus-dependent representational drift in primary visual cortex
Here, the authors find that representational drift in visual cortex differs depending on the sensory stimulus, suggesting that the stability of neuronal responses is not a fixed property of individual cells, but rather depends on the encoded information.
- Tyler D. Marks
- & Michael J. Goard
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Article
| Open AccessThe retinal ipRGC-preoptic circuit mediates the acute effect of light on sleep
The preoptic area (POA) is critical for sleep regulation but its role in acute, non-circadian, light effects on sleep are unclear. The authors show that intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells provide substantial input into the POA and through these modulate the amount of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
- Ze Zhang
- , Corinne Beier
- & Samer Hattar
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Article
| Open AccessThe paraventricular thalamus provides a polysynaptic brake on limbic CRF neurons to sex-dependently blunt binge alcohol drinking and avoidance behavior in mice
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) neurons that synthesize and release the stress neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor drive binge alcohol drinking and anxiety. The authors describe a complex feedforward inhibitory PVTVGLUT2-BNSTCRF circuit in mice that plays sex-dependent roles in alcohol drinking and avoidance behavior.
- Olivia B. Levine
- , Mary Jane Skelly
- & Kristen E. Pleil
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Article
| Open AccessThe physiological basis for contrast opponency in motion computation in Drosophila
The Drosophila visual system first computes motion in the dendrites of T4 and T5 neurons via a linear mechanism that uses ON and OFF information. Here, the authors show that the Tm9, Tm2, and CT1 neurons provide both ON and OFF information to direction-selective T5 cells in the OFF pathway.
- Giordano Ramos-Traslosheros
- & Marion Silies
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Article
| Open AccessA direct interareal feedback-to-feedforward circuit in primate visual cortex
In the cerebral cortex, information is processed by multiple hierarchically organized areas, reciprocally connected via feedforward and feedback circuits. Here the authors show that in primate visual cortex, feedforward projection neurons receive monosynaptic feedback contacts selectively from the area to which they project.
- Caitlin Siu
- , Justin Balsor
- & Alessandra Angelucci
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Article
| Open AccessHeritability and interindividual variability of regional structure-function coupling
The relationship between the human structural and functional connectome is still not well established. Here the authors show the interindividual variability that exists in regional coupling of structural and functional connectivity across the brain, and that this is heritable.
- Zijin Gu
- , Keith Wakefield Jamison
- & Amy Kuceyeski
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Article
| Open AccessLocomotion dependent neuron-glia interactions control neurogenesis and regeneration in the adult zebrafish spinal cord
The mechanisms stimulating adult neurogenesis are unclear. Here, the authors show the contribution of cholinergic and GABAergic signalling within the locomotor network to spinal cord neurogenesis during homeostasis and regeneration, showing neurogenesis depends on circuit activity in the adult zebrafish.
- Weipang Chang
- , Andrea Pedroni
- & Konstantinos Ampatzis
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Article
| Open AccessPlace fields of single spikes in hippocampus involve Kcnq3 channel-dependent entrainment of complex spike bursts
Hippocampal pyramidal cells encode an animal’s location by single action potentials and complex spike bursts. The authors show that Kcnq3-containing M-channels synergistically with GABAergic inputs coordinate complex spike bursts during theta oscillations, which is a key mechanism for spatial coding by single spikes.
- Xiaojie Gao
- , Franziska Bender
- & Alexey Ponomarenko
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Article
| Open AccessA genetically encoded tool for reconstituting synthetic modulatory neurotransmission and reconnect neural circuits in vivo
Engineering de novo synapse-like connections between neurons could enhance our understanding of neuronal circuits and how they generate behaviour. The authors present a two-component system that creates synthetic neuromodulatory connections to manipulate intracellular Ca2+ levels in in vivo neural circuits.
- Josh D. Hawk
- , Elias M. Wisdom
- & Daniel A. Colón-Ramos
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Article
| Open AccessCell specific photoswitchable agonist for reversible control of endogenous dopamine receptors
In this study, the authors develop a photo-pharmacological strategy using a Membrane anchored Photoswitchable orthogonal remotely tethered agonist for the Dopamine receptor (MP-D) to selectively and reversibly modulate the D1R receptor subtype.
- Prashant Donthamsetti
- , Nils Winter
- & Ehud Isacoff
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Article
| Open AccessInhibitory gating of coincidence-dependent sensory binding in secondary auditory cortex
Sound processing requires binding of frequency components into a unified perceptual object. Here the authors investigate the neural correlates in the mouse secondary auditory cortex underlying multifrequency binding in response to harmonic sounds.
- Amber M. Kline
- , Destinee A. Aponte
- & Hiroyuki K. Kato
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| Open AccessReverse optogenetics of G protein signaling by zebrafish non-visual opsin Opn7b for synchronization of neuronal networks
Microbial rhodopsins can be used to control action potentials, while animal opsins can be used to control intracellular signaling pathways. The authors identify Opn7b as constitutively active Gi/o coupled receptor that can be deactivated by light and used to modulate neuronal activity.
- Raziye Karapinar
- , Jan Claudius Schwitalla
- & Stefan Herlitze
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| Open AccessAuditory input enhances somatosensory encoding and tactile goal-directed behavior
Multi-sensory input can lead to dendritic integration at the single neuron level. Here the authors show that combined auditory and somatosensory input increases distal dendritic and somatic activity in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the primary somatosensory cortex and decreases response latency during somatosensory-based goal-directed behaviour.
- L. Godenzini
- , D. Alwis
- & L. M. Palmer
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| Open AccessThe tectonigral pathway regulates appetitive locomotion in predatory hunting in mice
Goal-oriented movement is a fundamental animal behaviour. Here, the authors show that neurons in the superior colliculus project to the substantia nigra pars compacta, regulating dopaminergic signaling and specifically appetitive locomotion in mice.
- Meizhu Huang
- , Dapeng Li
- & Peng Cao
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| Open AccessParallel processing of working memory and temporal information by distinct types of cortical projection neurons
Intratelencephalic and pyramidal tract neurons are two major types of cortical excitatory neurons that project to cortical and subcortical structures. The authors show that in the prefrontal cortex the two populations have different roles for the maintenance of working memory and for tracking the passage of time.
- Jung Won Bae
- , Huijeong Jeong
- & Min Whan Jung
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Article
| Open AccessNeurofibromin regulates metabolic rate via neuronal mechanisms in Drosophila
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in neurofibromin and associated with disruptions in physiology and behavior. Here the authors show that neurofibromin regulates metabolic homeostasis via a discrete brain circuit in a Drosophila model of NF1.
- Valentina Botero
- , Bethany A. Stanhope
- & Seth M. Tomchik
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Article
| Open AccessGenetic influences on hub connectivity of the human connectome
How genes sculpt the complex architecture of the human connectome remains unclear. Here, the authors show that genes preferentially influence the strength of connectivity between functionally valuable, metabolically costly connections between brain network hubs.
- Aurina Arnatkeviciute
- , Ben D. Fulcher
- & Alex Fornito
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| Open AccessRamp-to-threshold dynamics in a hindbrain population controls the timing of spontaneous saccades
The neural mechanisms by which the brain initiates self-generated actions are unclear. The authors show, using population imaging and single-cell ablation, that ramp-to-threshold firing dynamics over multiple seconds is critical for the initiation of self-generated eye movements.
- Alexandro D. Ramirez
- & Emre R. F. Aksay
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Article
| Open AccessCentral amygdala micro-circuits mediate fear extinction
The central amygdala inhibitory microcircuits mediate fear extinction by reversible, stimulus- and context-specific changes in neuronal responses. These alterations are absent when extinction is deficient and selective silencing of PKCδ neurons impairs fear extinction.
- Nigel Whittle
- , Jonathan Fadok
- & Stéphane Ciocchi
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Article
| Open AccessReduction of corpus callosum activity during whisking leads to interhemispheric decorrelation
Interhemispheric correlations are mediated by the corpus callosum, an extensive fiber bundle connecting the cortical hemispheres. The authors show that interhemispheric correlations between the somatosensory cortices of awake mice are reduced during whisking as a result of lower callosal activity.
- Yael Oran
- , Yonatan Katz
- & Ilan Lampl
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Article
| Open AccessMouse visual cortex contains a region of enhanced spatial resolution
The representation of space in mouse visual cortex was considered to be relatively uniform. The authors show that mice have improved visual resolution in a cortical region representing a location in space directly in front and slightly above them, showing that the representation of space in mouse visual cortex is non-uniform.
- Enny H. van Beest
- , Sreedeep Mukherjee
- & Matthew W. Self
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| Open AccessOrganization of the inputs and outputs of the mouse superior colliculus
The superior colliculus (SC) receives diverse cortical inputs to drive many behaviors. Here, based on comprehensive mapping of cortico-tectal projections, the authors refined the superior colliculus into medial, centromedial, centrolateral, and lateral zones, and characterized the input-output connectivity and morphology of neurons in each zone that serve the role of SC in goal-directed behaviors.
- Nora L. Benavidez
- , Michael S. Bienkowski
- & Hong-Wei Dong
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| Open AccessIn silico voltage-sensitive dye imaging reveals the emergent dynamics of cortical populations
Voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) is a powerful technique for measuring membrane potential dynamics of neurons but the effective resolution is limited. Here, the authors developed an in silico model of VSDI to probe activity in a biologically detailed reconstruction of rodent neocortical microcircuits.
- Taylor H. Newton
- , Michael W. Reimann
- & Henry Markram
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| Open AccessThe insulo-opercular cortex encodes food-specific content under controlled and naturalistic conditions
Animal studies have shown that insulo-opercular network function is critical in gustation and in behaviour based on anticipated food availability. The authors describe activities within the human insulo-opercular cortex which underlie anticipatory food evaluation in both controlled and naturalistic settings.
- Yuhao Huang
- , Bina W. Kakusa
- & Casey H. Halpern
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| Open AccessThe functional organization of excitatory synaptic input to place cells
Hippocampal place cells contribute to navigation and memory formation. Here, the authors use in vivo glutamate imaging to reveal patterns of excitatory input received by place cell dendrites and find more spatially tuned and functionally organized inputs arriving in the place field.
- Michael D. Adoff
- , Jason R. Climer
- & Daniel A. Dombeck
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| Open AccessDelineation of an insula-BNST circuit engaged by struggling behavior that regulates avoidance in mice
Active responses to stressors involve motor planning, execution, and feedback. The authors identify a neuronal projection from the insular cortex to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis that is activated during motor struggling in response to restraint stress as a potential active coping response.
- Joseph R. Luchsinger
- , Tracy L. Fetterly
- & Samuel W. Centanni
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| Open AccessDeciphering an AgRP-serotoninergic neural circuit in distinct control of energy metabolism from feeding
Neuronal signaling has an important role in the regulation of energy expenditure and body weight, however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, the authors report a AgRP-MC4R-serotonin expressing neuronal circuit that regulate energy expenditure without affecting feeding.
- Yong Han
- , Guobin Xia
- & Qi Wu
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| Open AccessVentral tegmental area GABA neurons mediate stress-induced blunted reward-seeking in mice
Acute stress transiently disrupts reward-seeking behaviour and repeated stress exposure produces lasting anhedonia-like behaviour in rodents. Here, the authors show that stress triggers GABAergic activity in the ventral tegmental area which blunts reward-seeking behaviour in mice.
- Daniel C. Lowes
- , Linda A. Chamberlin
- & Alexander Z. Harris
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Article
| Open AccessAdaptive and multifunctional hydrogel hybrid probes for long-term sensing and modulation of neural activity
Neural probes for experimental studies can cause tissue damage. Here the authors describe a probe incorporated with a hydrogel structure for adaptive bending stiffness to enable insertion to the rodent brain while minimising tissue damage.
- Seongjun Park
- , Hyunwoo Yuk
- & Polina Anikeeva
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Article
| Open AccessOxytocin and vasopressin within the ventral and dorsal lateral septum modulate aggression in female rats
Aggression in females is understudied in model organisms. Here, the authors establish a model of enhanced aggression in virgin female rats and show that oxytocin and vasopressin systems differentially modulate aggression in distinct neuronal populations of the lateral septum of female rats.
- Vinícius Elias de Moura Oliveira
- , Michael Lukas
- & Inga D. Neumann
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| Open AccessConnectivity characterization of the mouse basolateral amygdalar complex
The basolateral amygdala is implicated in several behavior-related states including anxiety, autism, and addiction. The authors apply circuit-level pathway tracing methods combined with computational techniques to provide a comprehensive connectivity atlas of the mouse basolateral amygdala complex.
- Houri Hintiryan
- , Ian Bowman
- & Hong-Wei Dong
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Article
| Open AccessCellular connectomes as arbiters of local circuit models in the cerebral cortex
Large-scale connectomes from the mammalian brain are becoming available, but it remains unclear how informative these are for the distinction of circuit models. Here, the authors use connectome statistics to test competing models of local cortical circuits with approximate Bayesian computation.
- Emmanuel Klinger
- , Alessandro Motta
- & Moritz Helmstaedter
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Article
| Open AccessPosterior subthalamic nucleus (PSTh) mediates innate fear-associated hypothermia in mice
Innate and learned fear can induce rapid changes in body temperature of mammals. The authors identify the posterior subthalamic nucleus as a major thermoregulatory hub that connects the external lateral parabrachial subnucleus to the nucleus of the solitary tract to mediate fear-evoked hypothermia.
- Can Liu
- , Chia-Ying Lee
- & Qinghua Liu
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Article
| Open AccessA cortico-collicular pathway for motor planning in a memory-dependent perceptual decision task
Duan, Pan et al. find that the premotor cortex cooperates with the midbrain superior colliculus via direct projections to implement decision maintenance. These results reveal mechanisms of cortico-collicular interaction during cognition and action in a pathway- and cell-type-specific manner.
- Chunyu A. Duan
- , Yuxin Pan
- & Ning-long Xu
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Article
| Open AccessBreathing-driven prefrontal oscillations regulate maintenance of conditioned-fear evoked freezing independently of initiation
Combining optogenetics, behavioral modelling and neural population analysis, the authors show in mice that during fear-related freezing the olfactory bulb transmits 4 Hz breathing rhythm to the prefrontal cortex where this oscillation organizes local activity and regulates freezing episode duration.
- Sophie Bagur
- , Julie M. Lefort
- & Karim Benchenane
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Article
| Open AccessLearning with reinforcement prediction errors in a model of the Drosophila mushroom body
Dopamine neurons in the mushroom body help Drosophila learn to approach rewards and avoid punishments. Here, the authors propose a model in which dopaminergic learning signals encode reinforcement prediction errors by utilising feedback reinforcement predictions from mushroom body output neurons.
- James E. M. Bennett
- , Andrew Philippides
- & Thomas Nowotny
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Article
| Open AccessA hypothalamic-thalamostriatal circuit that controls approach-avoidance conflict in rats
Animals constantly balance seeking food with avoiding predators. Here, the authors report that CRF positive neurons in the paraventricular thalamus projecting to the nucleus accumbens in rats are an indispensable component of a feedback circuit that can interrupt appetitive behaviour in favor of a defensive response in the presence of a competing threat stimulus.
- D. S. Engelke
- , X. O. Zhang
- & F. H. Do-Monte
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Article
| Open AccessEfferent feedback controls bilateral auditory spontaneous activity
Spontaneous activity generated in the cochleae propagates into the central auditory system to promote circuit formation before hearing onset. Here, the authors reveal the important role of cholinergic efferent modulation in coordinating bilateral spontaneous activity and the emergence of functional responses.
- Yixiang Wang
- , Maya Sanghvi
- & Michael Crair
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Article
| Open AccessSight of parasitoid wasps accelerates sexual behavior and upregulates a micropeptide gene in Drosophila
Parasitoids exploit host bodies for reproduction, selecting for host defences. A new host defence is reported, in which adult Drosophila accelerate mating behaviour at the sight of certain parasitoid wasps, mediated by the upregulation of a nervous system gene that encodes a 41-amino acid micropeptide.
- Shimaa A. M. Ebrahim
- , Gaëlle J. S. Talross
- & John R. Carlson
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Article
| Open AccessSingle cell plasticity and population coding stability in auditory thalamus upon associative learning
How thalamic sensory relays participate in plasticity upon associative fear learning and stable long-term sensory coding remains unknown. The authors show that auditory thalamus neurons exhibit heterogeneous plasticity patterns after learning while population level encoding of auditory stimuli remains stable across days.
- James Alexander Taylor
- , Masashi Hasegawa
- & Jan Gründemann
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Article
| Open AccessChromatic micromaps in primary visual cortex
Stimulus feature maps are found in primary visual cortex of many species. Here the authors show color maps in trichromatic primates containing segregated ensembles of neurons with distinct chromatic signatures that associate with cortical modules known as blobs.
- Soumya Chatterjee
- , Kenichi Ohki
- & R. Clay Reid
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Article
| Open AccessMitochondrial hydrogen peroxide positively regulates neuropeptide secretion during diet-induced activation of the oxidative stress response
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the generation of signals coupling metabolism with neurotransmitter release, though underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here the authors show that endogenously produced hydrogen peroxide originating from axonal mitochondria functions as a signaling cue to selectively regulate neuropeptide secretion in C. elegans.
- Qi Jia
- & Derek Sieburth
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Perspective
| Open AccessToward integrative approaches to study the causal role of neural oscillations via transcranial electrical stimulation
Transcranial electrical stimulation techniques may enable exploration of the role of neural oscillations in the brain. Here, the authors provide a perspective on its potential across systems, species, theoretical and experimental scales.
- Valeriia Beliaeva
- , Iurii Savvateev
- & Rafael Polania