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Article
| Open Access
Daily rhythm in cortical chloride homeostasis underpins functional changes in visual cortex excitability
Ionic levels in neurons provide the potential energy for all neuronal communication. Here the. authors show a very large modulation of [Cl-]i neocortical pyramidal cells, from day to night, with marked effects on cortical excitability and processing.
- Enrico Pracucci
- , Robert T. Graham
- & Gian-Michele Ratto
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Article
| Open Access
Modulatory dynamics of periodic and aperiodic activity in respiration-brain coupling
Respiration modulates neural oscillations, but its link to aperiodic brain activity is not known. With a multi-centre human MEG and EEG study, here the authors show that fluctuations of aperiodic brain activity are phase-locked to the respiratory cycle.
- Daniel S. Kluger
- , Carina Forster
- & Joachim Gross
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Article
| Open Access
Gq neuromodulation of BLA parvalbumin interneurons induces burst firing and mediates fear-associated network and behavioral state transition in mice
The authors study mechanisms underlying neuromodulatory control of transitions between brain and behavioral states. They identify a mechanism whereby modulation of Gq activity in basolateral amygdala parvalbumin interneurons mediates the transition to a fear-associated network and behavioral state.
- Xin Fu
- , Eric Teboul
- & Jeffrey G. Tasker
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Article
| Open Access
Two opposing hippocampus to prefrontal cortex pathways for the control of approach and avoidance behaviour
The authors reveal a mechanism for regulation of behaviour during approach avoidance conflicts that relies on two specialized, parallel circuits that allow bidirectional hippocampal control of the prefrontal cortex.
- Candela Sánchez-Bellot
- , Rawan AlSubaie
- & Andrew F. MacAskill
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Article
| Open Access
Differential chloride homeostasis in the spinal dorsal horn locally shapes synaptic metaplasticity and modality-specific sensitization
Inhibition in spinal nociceptive pathways is weaker and more labile in lamina I —where thermal input is primarily processed— than in lamina II that encodes predominantly high threshold mechanical input. This explains why noxious thermal input makes spinal circuits prone to catastrophic sensitization.
- Francesco Ferrini
- , Jimena Perez-Sanchez
- & Yves De Koninck
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Article
| Open Access
Exercise enhances motor skill learning by neurotransmitter switching in the adult midbrain
Exercise promotes motor skill learning via unclear mechanisms. Here, the authors show that running wheel training results in neurotransmitter switching in caudal pedunculopontine nucleus neurons of mice. These neurons project to several brain regions, regulating the acquisition of motor skills.
- Hui-quan Li
- & Nicholas C. Spitzer
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Article
| Open Access
Ketamine disinhibits dendrites and enhances calcium signals in prefrontal dendritic spines
The authors show that a subanesthetic dose of ketamine markedly elevate calcium signals in apical dendritic spines in the mouse prefrontal cortex. This effect is driven by a local-circuit mechanism that involves the suppression of somatostatin interneurons leading to dendritic disinhibition.
- Farhan Ali
- , Danielle M. Gerhard
- & Alex C. Kwan
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Article
| Open Access
Tsc1 represses parvalbumin expression and fast-spiking properties in somatostatin lineage cortical interneurons
Although cortical GABAergic interneuron (CIN) dysfunction is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, we still know very little about how they attain their unique properties or how their dysfunction impacts neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, authors show that conditional loss of Tsc1, causes SST+ CINs, which are distinct from PV+ CINs, to express PV and adopt fast-spiking properties, via MTOR activity
- Ruchi Malik
- , Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- & Daniel Vogt
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Article
| Open Access
Perineuronal nets decrease membrane capacitance of peritumoral fast spiking interneurons in a model of epilepsy
Brain tumours are associated with epilepsy. Here the authors show, using a mouse model, that the degradation of perineuronal nets around fast spiking interneurons near the tumour contribute to seizures by increasing their membrane capacitance and firing.
- Bhanu P. Tewari
- , Lata Chaunsali
- & Harald Sontheimer
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Article
| Open Access
The interdependence of excitation and inhibition for the control of dynamic breathing rhythms
Excitatory neurons in the preBötzinger Complex generate bursting activity responsible for breathing, but these alone cannot generate physiological breathing frequencies. Here the authors show how inhibition regulates refractory properties of excitatory neurons to allow dynamic breathing rhythms.
- Nathan Andrew Baertsch
- , Hans Christopher Baertsch
- & Jan Marino Ramirez
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Article
| Open Access
Theory of optimal balance predicts and explains the amplitude and decay time of synaptic inhibition
Inhibition and excitation are counterbalanced at synapses, but the conditions that constitute optimal balance are not known. Here the authors show through modelling that the properties of synaptic inhibition are fine-tuned to maintain an optimal balance in which peak excitation reaches precisely to spike threshold.
- Jaekyung K. Kim
- & Christopher D. Fiorillo
Silencing CA1 pyramidal cells output reveals the role of feedback inhibition in hippocampal oscillations