Featured
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Article |
ADAR1 prevents autoinflammation by suppressing spontaneous ZBP1 activation
In addition to its role in suppressing MDA5 and PKR activation, ADAR1 is a negative regulator of ZPB1-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis, providing insights into the pathology of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome.
- Richard de Reuver
- , Simon Verdonck
- & Jonathan Maelfait
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Article |
Genome-wide enhancer maps link risk variants to disease genes
Mapping enhancer regulation across human cell types and tissues illuminates genome function and provides a resource to connect risk variants for common diseases to their molecular and cellular functions.
- Joseph Nasser
- , Drew T. Bergman
- & Jesse M. Engreitz
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Review Article |
Fibrosis: from mechanisms to medicines
This review discusses how single-cell profiling and other technological advances are increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of fibrosis, thereby accelerating the discovery, development and testing of new treatments.
- Neil C. Henderson
- , Florian Rieder
- & Thomas A. Wynn
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Article |
A dominant autoinflammatory disease caused by non-cleavable variants of RIPK1
A dominantly inherited human autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in RIPK1 is identified, and RIPK1 mutations that prevent caspase-8 cleavage sensitize cells to apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammation.
- Panfeng Tao
- , Jinqiao Sun
- & Qing Zhou
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Article |
Mutations that prevent caspase cleavage of RIPK1 cause autoinflammatory disease
Heterozygous mutateons in the caspase-8 cleavage site of RIPK1 cause a range of autoinflammatory symptoms in humans, and caspase-8 cleavage of RIPK1 in a mouse model limits TNF-induced cell death and inflammation.
- Najoua Lalaoui
- , Steven E. Boyden
- & John Silke
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Perspective
| Open Access
The Integrative Human Microbiome Project
Over ten years, the Human Microbiome Project has provided resources for studying the microbiome and its relationship to disease; this Perspective summarizes the key achievements and findings of the project and its relationship to the broader field.
- Lita M. Proctor
- , Heather H. Creasy
- & Curtis Huttenhower
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Letter |
Allergic inflammatory memory in human respiratory epithelial progenitor cells
Single-cell RNA sequencing is used to characterize cell types in nasal tissues from human patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, revealing a role for tissue stem cells in allergic inflammatory memory.
- Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- , Daniel F. Dwyer
- & Alex K. Shalek
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Outlook |
Q&A: Joel Weinstock
Helminths are worms that can live in the human intestine. Joel Weinstock, a gastroenterologist at Tufts Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, studies how they affect inflammation and the body's immune response. He spoke to Nature about how helminths might lead to treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- Neil Savage
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Outlook |
Genetics: Clues in the code
Gene exploration is providing unexpected insights into inflammatory bowel disease, and getting scientists closer to finding treatments that target the biological mechanisms.
- Sarah DeWeerdt
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Outlook |
Cell-based therapy: Cells on trial
Four regenerative and immune-system therapies taking on the toughest cases of inflammatory bowel disease.
- Eric Bender
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Outlook |
Microbiota: Reseeding the gut
Transplants of faecal matter have done wonders for the treatment of certain gastrointestinal infections. Will they ever work for inflammatory bowel disease?
- Liam Drew
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Letter |
Identification of a mast-cell-specific receptor crucial for pseudo-allergic drug reactions
Cationic substances, including some drugs, can activate mast cells in an IgE-independent manner, leading to histamine release, inflammation and airway contraction; here, the G-protein-coupled receptor MrgprB2, the orthologue of human MRGPRX2, is shown to be the sole mast cell receptor for these substances in mice.
- Benjamin D. McNeil
- , Priyanka Pundir
- & Xinzhong Dong
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Letter |
IgG1 protects against renal disease in a mouse model of cryoglobulinaemia
Here, the predominant murine immunoglobulin G subclass, IgG1, which is a poor activator of effector mechanisms, is shown to have a regulatory function, protecting against the development of IgG3 immune-complex-driven renal disease by competing with IgG3 for antigen and increasing immune complex solubility.
- Richard T. Strait
- , Monica T. Posgai
- & Fred D. Finkelman
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Letter |
BACH2 represses effector programs to stabilize Treg-mediated immune homeostasis
Diverse autoimmune and allergic diseases are associated with polymorphisms in a locus encoding the transcription factor BACH2; here, BACH2 is shown to be a broad regulator of immune activation that stabilizes the differentiation of Treg cells by repressing commitment of CD4+ T cells to alternate cell fates.
- Rahul Roychoudhuri
- , Kiyoshi Hirahara
- & Nicholas P. Restifo
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Letter |
Interleukin receptor activates a MYD88–ARNO–ARF6 cascade to disrupt vascular stability
Interleukin-1β-induced disruption to endothelial stability and vascular permeability in a human in vitro model is shown to be independent of downstream nuclear factor-κB activation, relying instead on a MYD88–ARNO–ARF6 signalling cascade; inhibiting proteins involved in this pathway is shown to improve outcomes in animal models of inflammatory disease.
- Weiquan Zhu
- , Nyall R. London
- & Dean Y. Li
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Letter |
The calcium-sensing receptor regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome through Ca2+ and cAMP
Evidence is presented that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated by the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR).
- Geun-Shik Lee
- , Naeha Subramanian
- & Jae Jin Chae
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Letter |
Host–microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease
A meta-analysis of previous genome-wide association studies of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, the two most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease, with a combined total of more than 75,000 cases and controls, finds that most loci contribute to both phenotypes and other immune-mediated disorders.
- Luke Jostins
- , Stephan Ripke
- & Judy H Cho
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Letter |
Accelerated disassembly of IgE–receptor complexes by a disruptive macromolecular inhibitor
The interaction between IgE and its receptor FcεRI underlies many allergic responses; here the structure and mechanism of a newly engineered DARPin inhibitor is presented, revealing that it not only blocks the receptor–ligand interaction but also dissociates already-formed complexes.
- Beomkyu Kim
- , Alexander Eggel
- & Theodore S. Jardetzky
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News & Views |
Fat, bile and gut microbes
Western-style diets could be contributing to the rapid increase in inflammatory bowel disease. New research suggests that dietary fat can alter bile composition and so favour the growth of pro-inflammatory gut microbes. See Letter p.104
- Peter J. Turnbaugh
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Article |
Myocardial infarction accelerates atherosclerosis
Myocardial infarction accelerates atherosclerosis through activation of the sympathetic nervous system, and the consequent release of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
- Partha Dutta
- , Gabriel Courties
- & Matthias Nahrendorf
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Research Highlights |
Less biodiversity, more allergies
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News & Views Forum |
Allergy challenged
An article suggesting that allergic responses may not be an accident of an off-target immune system, but rather a deliberate defence against potential harm, provokes the question of whether our understanding of allergy needs an overhaul. Immunologists provide their opinions. See Perspective p.465
- David Artis
- , Rick M. Maizels
- & Fred D. Finkelman
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Perspective |
Allergic host defences
A review of allergic host defences argues that allergic immunity has an important role in host defence against noxious environmental substances.
- Noah W. Palm
- , Rachel K. Rosenstein
- & Ruslan Medzhitov
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Outlook |
Treatment: In search of a booster shot
A plethora of therapies can keep the symptoms of allergy under control, but they can't cure. New research aims to prevent allergies from developing in the first place.
- Lauren Gravitz
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Outlook |
Perspective: A human touch
Stephen Holgate argues for a return to more human-centred studies of allergy and asthma.
- Stephen Holgate
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Outlook |
Atopy: Marching with allergies
They come not single spies, but in battalions. The latest research helps explain why an individual may experience the 'atopic march' from one allergic disorder to another.
- Paige Brown
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Outlook |
Food: Picky eaters
Clinical trials are testing how careful exposure could protect people with potentially lethal allergies to everyday fare.
- Rebecca Kessler
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Outlook |
Perspective: Acting on the evidence
Allergy isn't the whole story on atopic eczema, says Hywel Williams.
- Hywel Williams
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Outlook |
Asthma: Breathing new life into research
Asthma was once thought to be a uniform disease triggered by one type of immune cell. Researchers are now revealing the complexity of the condition and hope to hasten new drugs for forms unresponsive to steroids.
- Amy Maxmen
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Outlook |
Genetics: Seeking a gene genie
Rare gene variants could be key to unlocking the underlying genetics of allergy, now that whole genome sequencing and other technologies have sharpened the focus of epidemiology.
- Erica Westly
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Article |
Complement factor H binds malondialdehyde epitopes and protects from oxidative stress
- David Weismann
- , Karsten Hartvigsen
- & Christoph J. Binder
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News |
How microbes train our immune system
Gut bacteria coax T cells to see them as friends.
- Alla Katsnelson
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Letter |
TSLP promotes interleukin-3-independent basophil haematopoiesis and type 2 inflammation
- Mark C. Siracusa
- , Steven A. Saenz
- & David Artis
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Letter |
FADD prevents RIP3-mediated epithelial cell necrosis and chronic intestinal inflammation
- Patrick-Simon Welz
- , Andy Wullaert
- & Manolis Pasparakis
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Letter |
Control of TH17 cells occurs in the small intestine
- Enric Esplugues
- , Samuel Huber
- & Richard A. Flavell
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Research Highlights |
Cells sense house dust
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Research Highlights |
Taming psoriasis with vitamin D
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Article |
Linear ubiquitination prevents inflammation and regulates immune signalling
- Björn Gerlach
- , Stefanie M. Cordier
- & Henning Walczak
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Research Highlights |
More sneezing in a warmer world
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News Explainer |
Is breast not best for babies?
New evidence contradicts World Health Organization breastfeeding advice.
- Natasha Gilbert
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News |
Near-action shots of vital proteins
Structures of G-protein-coupled receptors visualized in near-active states.
- Amy Maxmen
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Research Highlights |
Immunology: Vessels block inflammation
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Research Highlights |
Microbiology: Bacterial resettlement
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News |
Nickel allergy tracked to a single receptor
Molecular pathway reveals why allergen triggers reaction in humans but not in mice.
- Alla Katsnelson
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Research Highlights |
Immunology: Inflammatory good guys
Metabolic rewiring promotes anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids
Inflammatory bowel disease
Crystal structure of inhibitor of κB kinase β