Featured
-
-
Article |
Inflammation-induced proteolytic processing of the SIRPα cytoplasmic ITIM in neutrophils propagates a proinflammatory state
SIRPα is an anti-inflammatory signalling receptor expressed on neutrophils. Here Zenet al.show that during inflammation, SIRPα signalling is inhibited by cleavage of its intracellular signalling motif.
- Ke Zen
- , Yalan Guo
- & Yuan Liu
-
Article
| Open AccessLRRFIP2 negatively regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages by promoting Flightless-I-mediated caspase-1 inhibition
Inflammasomes promote the maturation of inflammatory cytokines in response to signals associated with damage and infection, but it remains unclear how these signals are attenuated. Here, the authors show that the NLRP3 inflammasome is inhibited by LRRFIP2 through recruitment of the protein Flightless I.
- Jing Jin
- , Qian Yu
- & Xuetao Cao
-
Article |
Thymosin β4-sulfoxide attenuates inflammatory cell infiltration and promotes cardiac wound healing
Hydrogen peroxide attracts immune cells and induces wound inflammation. Evans et al. show that hydrogen peroxide also leads to the production of thymosin β4–sulfoxide in zebrafish wounds and in mouse hearts after myocardial infarction, where it acts as an anti-inflammatory factor that promotes wound healing.
- Mark A. Evans
- , Nicola Smart
- & Paul R. Riley
-
Article |
Persistent infection with Crohn’s disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli leads to chronic inflammation and intestinal fibrosis
Intestinal infection with adherent-invasive Escherichia coliis associated with Crohn’s disease in humans; however, its functional role remains unclear, in part due to a lack of animal models, which sustain chronic disease. Here the authors establish such a model in mice and show that it shares features with human Crohn’s disease.
- Cherrie-Lee N. Small
- , Sarah A. Reid-Yu
- & Brian K. Coombes
-
Article |
Distinct bone marrow-derived and tissue-resident macrophage lineages proliferate at key stages during inflammation
Monocytes are recruited to sites of damage or infection where they differentiate into inflammatory macrophages. Here the authors demonstrate that, contrary to the prevailing model, these differentiated cells are able to proliferate at sites of inflammation.
- Luke C. Davies
- , Marcela Rosas
- & Philip R. Taylor
-
Article |
FBXW7α attenuates inflammatory signalling by downregulating C/EBPδ and its target gene Tlr4
The innate immune sensor Toll-like receptor 4 controls inflammatory gene expression. Here the authors identify a network of positive and negative feedback loops involving the transcription factor C/EBPd and ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor FBXW7a that regulate TLR4 levels and inflammatory signalling.
- Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- , Shikha Sharan
- & Esta Sterneck
-
Article
| Open AccessInhibition of PDE4B suppresses inflammation by increasing expression of the deubiquitinase CYLD
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors are under development as anti-inflammatory drugs, however, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Komatsu et al. show that Rolipram, a specific inhibitor of PDE4, reduces inflammation in a model of middle ear infection by upregulating the deubiquitinase CYLD.
- Kensei Komatsu
- , Ji-Yun Lee
- & Jian-Dong Li
-
Article |
TRPM2 links oxidative stress to NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by particulate matter such as crystals is known to depend on the generation of reactive oxygen species. Zhong et al. now show that liposomes stimulate the same pathway, and oxidative stress activates NLRP3 by promoting calcium influx through TRPM2 channels.
- Zhenyu Zhong
- , Yougang Zhai
- & Liang Qiao
-
Article |
Neuron-released oligomeric α-synuclein is an endogenous agonist of TLR2 for paracrine activation of microglia
Parkinson’s disease is associated with the accumulation of abnormal aggregates of α-synuclein and microglial neuroinflammation. Kim et al. show that α-synuclein oliogomers released by neurons activate microglia by stimulating Toll-like receptor 2 signalling in these cells.
- Changyoun Kim
- , Dong-Hwan Ho
- & Seung-Jae Lee
-
Article |
Human haemodynamic frequency harmonics regulate the inflammatory phenotype of vascular endothelial cells
Natural variations in blood flow haemodynamics are associated with localized inflammation and atherosclerosis. Here the authors show that individual harmonics present within this complex signal have distinct impacts on the inflammatory phenotype in endothelial cells.
- Ryan E. Feaver
- , Bradley D. Gelfand
- & Brett R. Blackman
-
Article
| Open AccessExtracellular Ca2+ is a danger signal activating the NLRP3 inflammasome through G protein-coupled calcium sensing receptors
Levels of extracellular calcium can increase at sites of infection and inflammation; however, the physiological significance of this has been unclear. This work shows that extracellular calcium acts as a danger signal, triggering the NLRP3 inflammasome via two G protein-coupled receptors.
- Manuela Rossol
- , Matthias Pierer
- & Ulf Wagner
-
Article
| Open AccessSymptomatic atherosclerosis is associated with an altered gut metagenome
The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental factor that can influence the development of obesity and diabetes. Here, Karlsson et al. report compositional and functional alterations of the gut metagenome in patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis.
- Fredrik H. Karlsson
- , Frida Fåk
- & Jens Nielsen
-
Article
| Open AccessFibrinogen-induced perivascular microglial clustering is required for the development of axonal damage in neuroinflammation
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by the activation of microglia cells. Davalos et al. investigate the early stages of neuroinflammation in mice and reveal that the plasma protein fibrinogen induces microglial clustering around the brain vasculature, which facilitates lesion formation and focal axonal damage.
- Dimitrios Davalos
- , Jae Kyu Ryu
- & Katerina Akassoglou
-
Article
| Open AccessExtracellular ATP mediates mast cell-dependent intestinal inflammation through P2X7 purinoceptors
Mast cells are mediators of type I allergic disease and inflammation. Here, Kurashimaet al. show that mast cells are increased in the colons of mice with colitis, and that activation of the cells and subsequent inflammation can be blocked by inhibition of the purinoceptor, P2X7.
- Yosuke Kurashima
- , Takeaki Amiya
- & Hiroshi Kiyono
-
Article |
Macrophage VLDL receptor promotes PAFAH secretion in mother's milk and suppresses systemic inflammation in nursing neonates
Mother's milk contains a number of protective factors, such as the anti-inflammatory enzyme PAFAH. Here, Duet al. show that the VLDL receptor protects nursing newborns from systemic inflammation by maintaining secretion of PAFAH from maternal macrophages into mother's milk.
- Yang Du
- , Marie Yang
- & Yihong Wan
-
Article
| Open AccessEpidermal phospholipase Cδ1 regulates granulocyte counts and systemic interleukin-17 levels in mice
Phospholipase C is a signalling molecule with many cellular functions, but its physiological role at the organismal level is largely unknown. Kanemaruet al.show that phospholipase Cδ1 in the mouse epidermis influences interleukin and leukocyte concentrations in the blood.
- Kaori Kanemaru
- , Yoshikazu Nakamura
- & Kiyoko Fukami
-
Article |
Annexin A2 binds to endosomes following organelle destabilization by particulate wear debris
Endosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes, and recent reports have suggested that the endosomal membrane can be damaged by wear particles, resulting in the release of their contents and an inflammatory response. In this study, a role for annexin II in the repair of the damaged endosome membrane is reported.
- Brian Scharf
- , Cristina C. Clement
- & Laura Santambrogio
-
Article |
Malaria parasite tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase secretion triggers pro-inflammatory responses
Parasites such as malaria elicit an immune response in their host, causing cytokine levels to increase. In this study, a parasite housekeeping gene, tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, is shown to bind to host macrophages and, once inside the cells, enhance the levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
- Tarun Kumar Bhatt
- , Sameena Khan
- & Amit Sharma
-
Article
| Open AccessThe deubiquitinating enzyme USP17 is essential for GTPase subcellular localization and cell motility
Deubiquitinating enzymes are involved in multiple cellular processes, including cell viability. The authors reveal a role for the deubiquitinating enzyme, USP17, in the migration of cells in response to chemokines and show that USP17 is required for the relocalization of GTPases involved in cell motility.
- Michelle de la Vega
- , Alyson A. Kelvin
- & James A. Johnston
-
Article
| Open AccessInflammation driven by tumour-specific Th1 cells protects against B-cell cancer
Inflammation can result in the formation of tumours, but the immune system is also involved in the elimination of cancer cells. Here, the authors show that inflammation driven by tumour-specific CD4+T cells results in tumour regression and identify a list of cytokines associated with cancer prevention.
- Ole Audun Werner Haabeth
- , Kristina Berg Lorvik
- & Alexandre Corthay
-
Article
| Open AccessPAR2 absence completely rescues inflammation and ichthyosis caused by altered CAP1/Prss8 expression in mouse skin
The activity of serine proteases, including CAP1/Prss8, is altered in some human skin disorders; however, the downstream effectors of these proteins are relatively unknown. Here, using animal models, the authors show that protease-activated receptor-2 is a critical component of the CAP1/Prss8 signalling cascade.
- Simona Frateschi
- , Eric Camerer
- & Edith Hummler