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| Open AccessCases of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 among historic and prehistoric individuals discovered from ancient DNA
Information on the occurrence of aneuploidies in prehistory human populations are rare. Here, from a large screen of ancient human genomes and osteological examination, the authors find genetic evidence for six cases of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and one case of trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) in historic and prehistoric infants.
- Adam Benjamin Rohrlach
- , Maïté Rivollat
- & Kay Prüfer
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Perspective
| Open AccessThe history of sexual selection research provides insights as to why females are still understudied
While it is widely acknowledged that Darwin’s descriptions of females were gender-biased, gender bias in modern sexual selection research is less recognized. This Perspective highlights that sexual selection theory and research are still male-centered and suggest strategies for alleviating biases in this field and beyond.
- Malin Ah-King
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Article
| Open AccessTracking historical changes in perceived trustworthiness in Western Europe using machine learning analyses of facial cues in paintings
Quantifying how social trust evolved throughout history can help us understand the long-run dynamics of our societies. Here, the authors show an increase in displays of trustworthiness, using a face processing algorithm on early to modern European portraits.
- Lou Safra
- , Coralie Chevallier
- & Nicolas Baumard
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Article
| Open AccessAncient genomes reveal social and genetic structure of Late Neolithic Switzerland
European populations underwent strong genetic changes during the Neolithic. Here, Furtwängler et al. provide ancient nuclear and mitochondrial genomic data from the region of Switzerland during the end of the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age that reveal a complex genetic turnover during the arrival of steppe ancestry.
- Anja Furtwängler
- , A. B. Rohrlach
- & Johannes Krause
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Article
| Open AccessDiscrepancy in scientific authority and media visibility of climate change scientists and contrarians
The role of climate change (CC) contrarians is neglected in climate change communication studies. Here the authors used a data-driven approach to identify CC contrarians and CC scientists and found that CC scientists have much higher citation impact than those for contrarians but lower media visibility.
- Alexander Michael Petersen
- , Emmanuel M. Vincent
- & Anthony LeRoy Westerling
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Article
| Open AccessUnderstanding 6th-century barbarian social organization and migration through paleogenomics
The Longobards invaded and conquered much of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Here, the authors sequence and analyze ancient genomic DNA from 63 samples from two cemeteries associated with the Longobards and identify kinship networks and two distinct genetic and cultural groups in each.
- Carlos Eduardo G. Amorim
- , Stefania Vai
- & Krishna R. Veeramah
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Article
| Open AccessVolcanic suppression of Nile summer flooding triggers revolt and constrains interstate conflict in ancient Egypt
The degree to which human societies have responded to past climatic changes remains unclear. Here, using a novel combination of approaches, the authors show how volcanically-induced suppression of Nile summer flooding led to societal unrest in Ptolemaic Egypt (305–30 BCE).
- Joseph G. Manning
- , Francis Ludlow
- & Jennifer R. Marlon