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An interferon-integrated mucosal vaccine provides pan-sarbecovirus protection in small animal models
Here, the authors report the generation of a live but defective SARS-CoV-2 virus that is envelope-deficient and expresses human interferon beta. They show that nasal vaccination enhances mucosal and lung T cell response and provides pan-sarbecovirus protection in small animals.
- Chun-Kit Yuen
- , Wan-Man Wong
- & Kin-Hang Kok
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Article
| Open Access
Previous infection with seasonal coronaviruses does not protect male Syrian hamsters from challenge with SARS-CoV-2
Here, the authors analysed immune response to two consecutive coronavirus infections and observed that hamsters infected with seasonal coronaviruses were not protected from COVID-19 despite cross-reactive antibodies. Antiviral and germinal center B cell responses were suppressed but not during SARS-CoV-2 variant infections.
- Magen E. Francis
- , Ethan B. Jansen
- & Alyson A. Kelvin
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Article
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An IgM-like inhalable ACE2 fusion protein broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants
In this study, the authors report the development of an inhalable IgM-like ACE2 and show that it broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants, lowers viral loads and lung pathology in hamsters when administered early, and has good safety profiles in rats and monkeys.
- Juan Liu
- , Fengfeng Mao
- & Wenhui Li
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Article
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Comparing molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir efficacy and the effects on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in animal models
There is limited data on how SARS-CoV-2 antivirals compare regarding efficacy and blocking transmission. Here, treating dwarf hamsters and ferrets with either molnupiravir or paxlovid the authors find comparable efficacy against severe COVID-19-like disease and complete block of transmission by molnupiravir.
- Robert M. Cox
- , Carolin M. Lieber
- & Richard K. Plemper
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Article
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Two point mutations in protocadherin-1 disrupt hantavirus recognition and afford protection against lethal infection
Protocadherin-1 (PCDH1) is a critical host factor for hantaviruses that can cause severe cardiopulmonary syndrome. Here, the authors map the binding site of the viral glycoprotein complex within PCDH1 and show that mutations engineered at this site can protect Syrian hamsters from viral challenge.
- Megan M. Slough
- , Rong Li
- & Kartik Chandran
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Article
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Immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccine boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.5 in male Syrian hamsters
Long-term BA.5-specific efficiency of booster vaccination is incompletely understood. Here, analyzing immunity to and efficacy of various COVID-19 vaccination regimens in Syrian hamster, the authors found that heterologous boosting provides more durable immunity and that NVX-CoV2373 provides the strongest boosting effect.
- Rafael R. G. Machado
- , Jordyn L. Walker
- & Scott C. Weaver
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In vitro and in vivo characterization of SARS-CoV-2 strains resistant to nirmatrelvir
Resistance to nirmatrelvir, an oral antiviral agent that targets SARS-CoV-2 and is clinically useful against infection with Omicron variants, is currently not well understood. In this study, the authors characterize mutant viruses with reduced sensitivity to nirmatrelvir in vitro and in vivo.
- Maki Kiso
- , Yuri Furusawa
- & Yoshihiro Kawaoka
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Article
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Nirmatrelvir-resistant SARS-CoV-2 is efficiently transmitted in female Syrian hamsters and retains partial susceptibility to treatment
Characteristics of drug-resistant SARS-CoV-2 viruses are unclear. Here, the authors report that an in vitro selected nirmatrelvir-resistant virus replicates efficiently and can be transmitted in Syrian hamsters but that nirmatrelvir retains some antiviral activity against that virus in infected hamsters.
- Rana Abdelnabi
- , Dirk Jochmans
- & Johan Neyts
An intranasal live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine limits virus transmission