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Article
| Open Access
The allotetraploid horseradish genome provides insights into subgenome diversification and formation of critical traits
Horseradish is a spicy root vegetable and it also produces horseradish peroxidase, an enzyme widely used in biochemistry applications. Here, the authors report its telomere-to-telomere reference genome, reveal subgenome diversification and the effect on the biosynthesis of glucosinolates and horseradish peroxidases.
- Fei Shen
- , Shixiao Xu
- & Martin A. Lysak
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Article
| Open Access
Comparative genomics reveals a unique nitrogen-carbon balance system in Asteraceae
Asteraceae is the largest family of flowering plants. Here, the authors assemble the genomes of stem lettuce (within Asteraceae) and beach cabbage (within Goodeniaceae) for evolutionary genomics analyses and reveal the absence of the core regulatory gene of nitrogen and carbon assimilation in Asteraceae.
- Fei Shen
- , Yajuan Qin
- & Xiaozeng Yang
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Article
| Open Access
Tandemly duplicated CYP82Ds catalyze 14-hydroxylation in triptolide biosynthesis and precursor production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Hydroxylation at the C-14 position of triptolide is critical for its potent antitumor activity. Here, the authors report two CYP82Ds catalyze the 14-hydroxylation reaction via metabolic grid and achieve heterologous bioproduction of triptolide precursor in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Yifeng Zhang
- , Jie Gao
- & Luqi Huang
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Article
| Open Access
The Chloranthus sessilifolius genome provides insight into early diversification of angiosperms
Chloranthales remain the last lineage of core angiosperms that lacks a nuclear genome assembly. Here, the authors report the genome assembly of Chloranthus sesilifolius and show that both hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting may have contributed to the phylogenetic incongruities in the literature.
- Jianxiang Ma
- , Pengchuan Sun
- & Yongzhi Yang
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Article
| Open Access
Three chromosome-scale Papaver genomes reveal punctuated patchwork evolution of the morphinan and noscapine biosynthesis pathway
Papaver species P. setigerum, P. rhoeas, and P. somniferum accumulates different levels of morphine and noscapine. Here, the authors report the improved genome assembly of P. somniferum and de novo assembly of the other two species, and reveal the evolution of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloids biosynthetic pathway.
- Xiaofei Yang
- , Shenghan Gao
- & Kai Ye
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Article
| Open Access
An Arabidopsis AT-hook motif nuclear protein mediates somatic embryogenesis and coinciding genome duplication
Plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) can be triggered by hormone application or overexpression of certain transcription factors such as BBM. Here Karami et al. show that AHL15 is required for induction of downstream BBM targets and promotes heterochromatin decondensation and endomitosis during the induction of SE.
- Omid Karami
- , Arezoo Rahimi
- & Remko Offringa
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Article
| Open Access
Chromosome-scale assembly and analysis of biomass crop Miscanthus lutarioriparius genome
The genus Miscanthus has great potential for bio-energy production due to its high biomass yield and strong stress resistance. Here, the authors report the genome assembly of the diploid M. lutarioriparius, showing it has an allotetraploid origin and an expanded number of genes in families related to stress resistance.
- Jiashun Miao
- , Qi Feng
- & Bin Han
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Article
| Open Access
The Litsea genome and the evolution of the laurel family
Litsea cubeba belongs to the Lauraceae family within the Magnoliids clade. Here, the authors assemble its genome and reveal divergence of inflorescence and sexual differentiation, the phylogenetic relationships across the Lauraceae and related species, and biosynthetic genes related to essential oil synthesis.
- Yi-Cun Chen
- , Zhen Li
- & Yang-Dong Wang
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Article
| Open Access
Interspecific introgression mediates adaptation to whole genome duplication
Whole genome duplication (WGD) presents new challenges to the establishment of optimal allelic combinations and to the meiotic machinery. Here, the authors show that adaptive gene flow from Arabidopsis arenosa could rescue the nascent A. lyrata from extinction following WGD.
- Sarah Marburger
- , Patrick Monnahan
- & Levi Yant
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Article
| Open Access
Reducing MSH4 copy number prevents meiotic crossovers between non-homologous chromosomes in Brassica napus
Non-homologous crossovers impair correct chromosome segregation in allopolyploids. Here the authors show that most non-homologous crossovers in Brassica napus arise from MSH4-dependent recombination and provide evidence that post-polyploidization reduction of MSH4 duplicate stabilizes meiosis.
- Adrián Gonzalo
- , Marie-Odile Lucas
- & Eric Jenczewski
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Article
| Open Access
Genome sequences of two diploid wild relatives of cultivated sweetpotato reveal targets for genetic improvement
Sweetpotato is an important food security crop providing rich source of macro- and micronutrients including carbohydrates and vitamins. Here, the authors assemble of the two diploid relatives of cultivated sweetpotato and identify genes and alleles associated with carotenoid biosynthesis from breeding lines.
- Shan Wu
- , Kin H. Lau
- & Zhangjun Fei
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Article
| Open Access
The asparagus genome sheds light on the origin and evolution of a young Y chromosome
Several models have been proposed to explain the emergence of sex chromosomes. Here, through comparative genomics and mutant analysis, Harkess et al. show that linked but separate genes on the Y chromosome are responsible for sex determination in Asparagus, supporting a two-gene model for sex chromosome evolution.
- Alex Harkess
- , Jinsong Zhou
- & Guangyu Chen
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Article
| Open Access
Genome assembly with in vitro proximity ligation data and whole-genome triplication in lettuce
Genome assembly for many plant species can be challenging due to large size and high repeat content. Here, the authors usein vitroproximity ligation to assemble the genome of lettuce, revealing a family-specific triplication event and providing a comprehensive reference genome for a member of the Compositae.
- Sebastian Reyes-Chin-Wo
- , Zhiwen Wang
- & Richard W. Michelmore
Extrachromosomal circular DNA and structural variants highlight genome instability in Arabidopsis epigenetic mutants