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| Open AccessImpact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants
Oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) efficacy varies between countries, but underlying reasons aren’t fully understood. In this prospective cohort study, authors show that maternal rotavirus-specific antibodies in serum and breastmilk and pre-vaccination microbiota diversity are negatively correlated with ORV response in India and Malawi but not in the UK.
- Edward P. K. Parker
- , Christina Bronowski
- & Miren Iturriza-Gómara
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Article
| Open AccessEtiological, epidemiological, and clinical features of acute diarrhea in China
Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.
- Li-Ping Wang
- , Shi-Xia Zhou
- & Jun Wang
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Article
| Open AccessHuman norovirus targets enteroendocrine epithelial cells in the small intestine
Human norovirus pathogenesis is incompletely understood due to a lack of appropriate animal disease models. Here, Green et al. show norovirus replication in chromogranin A-positive enteroendocrine cells and other epithelial cells in tissue from a pediatric intestinal transplant recipient with severe gastroenteritis.
- Kim Y. Green
- , Stuart S. Kaufman
- & Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev
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Article
| Open AccessHuman milk oligosaccharides, milk microbiome and infant gut microbiome modulate neonatal rotavirus infection
Neonatal rotavirus infections are associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in some settings, but the role of host factors in clinical presentation is unclear. Here, Ramani et al. show that human milk oligosaccharides and microbiome are associated with symptomatic infection with neonatal strain G10P[11].
- Sasirekha Ramani
- , Christopher J. Stewart
- & Mary K. Estes
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Article
| Open AccessRapid emergence and predominance of a broadly recognizing and fast-evolving norovirus GII.17 variant in late 2014
Norovirus GII.4 has been predominating in viral gastroenteritis for 20 years. Here the authors report the emergence and predominance of a novel fast-evolving GII.17 lineage norovirus causing viral gastroenteritis in Hong Kong, with a shift in age distribution of affected individuals towards an older age as compared to GII.4.
- Martin C. W. Chan
- , Nelson Lee
- & Paul K. S. Chan
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Article
| Open AccessA nairovirus isolated from African bats causes haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and severe hepatic disease in mice
Bats carry viruses that can cause disease in other animals and in humans. Here, Ishii et al.identify new nairoviruses from African bats and show that some of them can produce a severe haemorrhagic disease in laboratory mice that is similar to Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in humans.
- Akihiro Ishii
- , Keisuke Ueno
- & Hirofumi Sawa