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| Open AccessComparison of chromatin accessibility landscapes during early development of prefrontal cortex between rhesus macaque and human
The evolution of epigenetic regulation of brain development in primates is not well understood. Here, the authors perform a comparative study of epigenetic dynamics of early prefrontal cortex development between human and rhesus macaque, finding divergent regulatory elements that may be related to cognitive capacity.
- Xuelong Yao
- , Zongyang Lu
- & Jiang Liu
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Article
| Open AccessSex-specific multi-level 3D genome dynamics in the mouse brain
Here the authors provide evidence that 3D chromatin structure in the mouse brain differs between males and females and undergoes dynamic remodelling during the female ovarian cycle. They show female-specific 3D genome dynamics affects neuronal gene expression and brain disorder-relevant genes, and could play a role in reproductive hormone-induced brain plasticity and female-specific risk for brain disorders.
- Devin Rocks
- , Mamta Shukla
- & Marija Kundakovic
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Article
| Open AccessAstroblastomas exhibit radial glia stem cell lineages and differential expression of imprinted and X-inactivation escape genes
Astroblastoma (AB) is an uncommon brain tumour and its origin remains unknown. Here, the authors perform integrative molecular analysis of 35 AB-like tumours and provide evidence that these arise in the context of epigenetic and genetic changes in neural progenitors occurring during brain development.
- Norman L. Lehman
- , Nathalie Spassky
- & Akshitkumar M. Mistry
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| Open AccessNeuronal Nsun2 deficiency produces tRNA epitranscriptomic alterations and proteomic shifts impacting synaptic signaling and behavior
The link between tRNA modifications, protein translation, and behavior is unclear. Here, the authors show that neuronal Nsun2 deficiency results in codon-specific epitranscriptomic changes of Gly-tRNAs and proteomic changes affecting synaptic signaling and behavior in mice.
- J. Blaze
- , A. Navickas
- & S. Akbarian
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Article
| Open AccessRedirected nuclear glutamate dehydrogenase supplies Tet3 with α-ketoglutarate in neurons
α-ketoglutarate (αKG) is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle that is required in the nucleus for genomic DNA demethylation by Tet3. Here, the authors show that the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase, which converts glutamate to αKG, is redirected from the mitochondria to the nucleus.
- Franziska R. Traube
- , Dilara Özdemir
- & Thomas Carell
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Article
| Open AccessCoordination of two enhancers drives expression of olfactory trace amine-associated receptors
In our nose, some neuron subpopulations express a family of trace amine associated receptors (TAARs, smelling e.g., rotten fish). Fei et al. identify two conserved enhancers across placental mammals named TAAR enhancer 1 and 2 that coordinately regulate expression of the entire Taar gene repertoire.
- Aimei Fei
- , Wanqing Wu
- & Qian Li
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Article
| Open AccessEGR1 recruits TET1 to shape the brain methylome during development and upon neuronal activity
It is unclear why neuronal activity induced methylation changes are limited to specific loci in the genome. Here, authors show that the DNA demethylation enzyme, TET1, gains its specificity via the interaction with EGR1, a sequence specific DNA binding protein.
- Zhixiong Sun
- , Xiguang Xu
- & Hehuang Xie
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Article
| Open AccessA comprehensive map coupling histone modifications with gene regulation in adult dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons
The limited size of some neuronal types and their entangled environment renders it difficult to study their transcription regulation. Here the authors present a comparative analysis of histone modifications and transcription in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons and embryonic neural progenitors.
- Erik Södersten
- , Konstantinos Toskas
- & Johan Holmberg
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Article
| Open AccessEpigenetic modulation of inflammation and synaptic plasticity promotes resilience against stress in mice
Polyphenols have partial antidepressant effect without known mechanism. Here, the authors identify two phytochemicals from bioactive dietary polyphenols, show their antidepressant effect in a rodent model of depression, and that this effect is mediated by epigenetic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
- Jun Wang
- , Georgia E. Hodes
- & Giulio M. Pasinetti
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Article
| Open AccessEnvironmental enrichment increases transcriptional and epigenetic differentiation between mouse dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus
Environmental enrichment has functional and molecular effects on mammalian hippocampus. Here, Zhang and colleagues show that environmental enrichment of mice is correlated with dorsal-ventral asymmetry in transcription and DNA methylation of the dentate gyrus.
- Tie-Yuan Zhang
- , Christopher L. Keown
- & Michael J. Meaney
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Article
| Open AccessChemogenomic analysis reveals key role for lysine acetylation in regulating Arc stability
The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) has been implicated in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Here the authors show that Arc acetylation regulates its stability and identify small molecules that modulate Arc expression.
- Jasmin Lalonde
- , Surya A. Reis
- & Stephen J. Haggarty
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Article
| Open AccessCDYL suppresses epileptogenesis in mice through repression of axonal Nav1.6 sodium channel expression
Alterations in intrinsic plasticity are important in epilepsy. Here the authors show that the epigenetic factor CDYL regulates the gene expression of the voltage gated sodium channel, Nav1.6, which contributes to seizures in a rat model of epilepsy.
- Yongqing Liu
- , Shirong Lai
- & Zhuo Huang
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Article
| Open AccessMir-132/212 is required for maturation of binocular matching of orientation preference and depth perception
miR-132/212 has been implicated in ocular dominance plasticity during the critical period. Here the authors show that miR-132/212 regulates the expression of genes involved in visual cortex maturation, and that mice lack miR-132/212 show deficits in binocular matching of orientation preferences, which leads to impaired depth perception.
- Raffaele Mazziotti
- , Laura Baroncelli
- & Tommaso Pizzorusso
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Article
| Open AccessDelaying histone deacetylase response to injury accelerates conversion into repair Schwann cells and nerve regeneration
Brüggeret al. identify part of the molecular machinery that controls Schwann cell development after peripheral nerve injury. Inhibiting HDAC1/2 early after injury enhances nerve regeneration and promotes functional recovery.
- Valérie Brügger
- , Mert Duman
- & Claire Jacob