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| Open AccessConcentration- and chromosome-organization-dependent regulator unbinding from DNA for transcription regulation in living cells
Binding and unbinding of transcription regulators at operator sites regulates gene expression. By single-molecule tracking of metal-sensing regulators, here the authors show that the unbinding kinetics depends on regulator concentration and chromosome condensation, and varies with their metal-binding states.
- Tai-Yen Chen
- , Ace George Santiago
- & Peng Chen
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| Open AccessThe impact of DNA intercalators on DNA and DNA-processing enzymes elucidated through force-dependent binding kinetics
DNA intercalators, a type of fluorescent probes widely used to visualize DNA, can perturb DNA structure and stability. Here, the authors show how DNA-binding affinity can be tuned using DNA tension, ionic strength and dye species, and how this can be used to minimize DNA structural perturbations.
- Andreas S. Biebricher
- , Iddo Heller
- & Gijs J. L. Wuite
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| Open AccessDirect observation of TALE protein dynamics reveals a two-state search mechanism
TALEs are programmable DNA-binding proteins with practical use in genome engineering and synthetic biology. Here the authors use single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to establish that TALE proteins function using two distinct DNA-interaction modes during sequence-specific target search.
- Luke Cuculis
- , Zhanar Abil
- & Charles M. Schroeder
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Sequential growth of long DNA strands with user-defined patterns for nanostructures and scaffolds
Assembling defined sequences of DNA is important for many applications, but the synthesis becomes more difficult as the target size increases. Here, the authors report a method for assembling DNA by combining smaller strands, with the final structure determined by the order of addition of the fragments.
- Graham D. Hamblin
- , Janane F. Rahbani
- & Hanadi F. Sleiman
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Entropic cages for trapping DNA near a nanopore
Nanopore sensors provide a useful way of analysing single molecules, such as DNA. Here, the authors present a nanopore-based single-molecule reactor, into which DNA can be fed and removed, and which also acts as an entropic cage allowing for DNA chemical modifications.
- Xu Liu
- , Mirna Mihovilovic Skanata
- & Derek Stein
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| Open AccessA tetrahelical DNA fold adopted by tandem repeats of alternating GGG and GCG tracts
The VK1 sequence of the PLEKHG3 gene is expressed in the brain and is linked to the development of autism. Here, the authors present a structural analysis of this gene and found that due to its alternating GGG and GCG repeats, it folds into a tetrahelical structure distinct from G-quadruplexes.
- Vojč Kocman
- & Janez Plavec
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An essential role for the N-terminal fragment of Toll-like receptor 9 in DNA sensing
Toll-like receptor 9 detects microbial DNA, and is activated by cleavage in the endolysosome. Onji et al. discover that following cleavage, the two parts of the protein remain associated, and this interaction is required for DNA sensing.
- Masahiro Onji
- , Atsuo Kanno
- & Kensuke Miyake
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| Open AccessRapid internal contraction boosts DNA friction
Single-molecule force spectroscopy provides useful quantitative information about the properties of macromolecules. Otto and colleagues non-invasively inspect the tension dynamics in a taut strand of DNA, thereby extending the use of single-molecule force spectroscopy to the study of macromolecular dynamics.
- Oliver Otto
- , Sebastian Sturm
- & Klaus Kroy
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G-quadruplex structures are stable and detectable in human genomic DNA
Guanine-rich DNA can form four-stranded structures called G-quadruplexes, which are thought to influence DNA replication, transcription and repair; their stability and prevalence in the genome is in need of further elucidation. Here the authors employ an antibody-based approach to sensitively map G-quadruplexes in the genome.
- Enid Yi Ni Lam
- , Dario Beraldi
- & Shankar Balasubramanian
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Self-assembly of DNA nanotubes with controllable diameters
DNA nanotubes could be used to transport nano-cargo and incorporated into nano-devices. In this study, rolling circle amplification is used to generate DNA subunits, and their thermodynamic growth results in the formation of nanotubes with a controlled diameter.
- Ofer I. Wilner
- , Ron Orbach
- & Itamar Willner
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Motion-based DNA detection using catalytic nanomotors
Synthetic nanomotors convert chemical energy into motion. Here, they have been implemented in a motion-based assay that allows specific DNA and ribosomal RNA detection. The technique is fast, simple and sensitive, and the concentration-dependant distance signals of the magnetically aligned nanomotors are detected by optical microscopy.
- Jie Wu
- , Shankar Balasubramanian
- & Joseph Wang