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| Open AccessAuditory cortex conveys non-topographic sound localization signals to visual cortex
Auditory cortex sends dense projections to layer 1 of mouse V1. Here the authors show these axons convey rich sound localization signals and that their auditory receptive fields do not align with the retinotopic map of V1.
- Camille Mazo
- , Margarida Baeta
- & Leopoldo Petreanu
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Article
| Open AccessEarly excitatory-inhibitory cortical modifications following skill learning are associated with motor memory consolidation and plasticity overnight
The role neurochemistry plays in encoding newly-acquired motor skills remains unclear. Here, the authors use multimodal imaging to show that early inhibitory and excitatory changes promote overnight behavioral, structural, and connectivity-related gains.
- Tamir Eisenstein
- , Edna Furman-Haran
- & Assaf Tal
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Article
| Open AccessHolistic bursting cells store long-term memory in auditory cortex
Previous work has identified cells in L2/3 of auditory cortex which strongly respond with bursting to a specific learned chord, but not to single component tones in an auditory task. Here the authors show that these cells correlate with the behavioral relevance of the learned composite sounds.
- Ruijie Li
- , Junjie Huang
- & Hongbo Jia
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Article
| Open AccessEmergence of the cortical encoding of phonetic features in the first year of life
To understand speech, our brains have to learn the different types of sounds that constitute words, including syllables, stress patterns and smaller sound elements, such as phonetic categories. Here, the authors provide evidence that at 7 months, the infant brain learns reliably to detect invariant phonetic categories.
- Giovanni M. Di Liberto
- , Adam Attaheri
- & Usha Goswami
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Article
| Open AccessEndogenous noise of neocortical neurons correlates with atypical sensory response variability in the Fmr1−/y mouse model of autism
Enhanced variability is a hallmark of atypical sensory processing in autism. Here, focusing on variability of neocortical tactile responses in mice, the authors explore the role of endogenous noise sources in neural processing in a model of autism.
- Arjun A. Bhaskaran
- , Théo Gauvrit
- & Andreas Frick
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Article
| Open AccessCortical reactivation of spatial and non-spatial features coordinates with hippocampus to form a memory dialogue
The mechanisms of episodic memory are not well understood. Here, the authors show that the reactivation of non-spatial information precedes the reactivation of spatial information, and that both are correlated with hippocampal sharp-wave ripples.
- HaoRan Chang
- , Ingrid M. Esteves
- & Bruce L. McNaughton
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Article
| Open AccessAltered corollary discharge signaling in the auditory cortex of a mouse model of schizophrenia predisposition
Schizophrenia patients are impaired in attenuating responses to self-generated sensory input. Here, the authors reveal the same sensory deficit and reduced corollary discharge signaling in mice carrying a major genetic risk factor for schizophrenia.
- Brian P. Rummell
- , Solmaz Bikas
- & Torfi Sigurdsson
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Article
| Open AccessChange detection in the primate auditory cortex through feedback of prediction error signals
The brain can quickly detect sounds that are not predicted. Here, the authors show that propagation of prediction error signals from higher-order auditory cortex to primary auditory cortex is critical for the change detection in the non-human primates.
- Keitaro Obara
- , Teppei Ebina
- & Masanori Matsuzaki
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Article
| Open AccessMicrostimulation of human somatosensory cortex evokes task-dependent, spatially patterned responses in motor cortex
Here the authors record the responses evoked in the hand and arm representations of M1 during intracortical microstimulation in the hand representation of S1, and show somatotopically organized connections with motor cortex. The resulting interference with motor decoding is task dependent but can be alleviated by using biomimetic stimulation.
- Natalya D. Shelchkova
- , John E. Downey
- & Sliman J. Bensmaia
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Article
| Open AccessImmediate neural impact and incomplete compensation after semantic hub disconnection
The human brain is a distributed system composed of highly interconnected hubs. Here, patients undergoing a rare operation reveal the immediate impact and compensatory brain network changes that occur when a key hub is removed.
- Zsuzsanna Kocsis
- , Rick L. Jenison
- & Christopher I. Petkov
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Article
| Open AccessActivity-dependent organization of prefrontal hub-networks for associative learning and signal transformation
Neuronal populations in the prefrontal cortex are involved in associative learning. Here the authors use longitudinal imaging and computational approaches in the mouse prefrontal cortex to observe changes in neuronal ensembles during fear conditioning.
- Masakazu Agetsuma
- , Issei Sato
- & Takeharu Nagai
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Article
| Open AccessSensory cortex plasticity supports auditory social learning
Social learning through observing conspecifics can facilitate the acquisition of behaviors. Here, the authors show in Mongolian gerbils that auditory cortex is necessary for social learning of an auditory discrimination task, and that social exposure improves neuronal coding of auditory task cues.
- Nihaad Paraouty
- , Justin D. Yao
- & Dan H. Sanes
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Article
| Open AccessDynamics of cortical contrast adaptation predict perception of signals in noise
The auditory system adapts to properties of sounds reaching the ear, but it is unclear whether this affects the way sounds are perceived. Here, the authors found that auditory responses in the brain predict changes in the perception of sounds, suggesting that adaptation shapes the way we hear.
- Christopher F. Angeloni
- , Wiktor Młynarski
- & Maria N. Geffen
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| Open AccessPhonemic segmentation of narrative speech in human cerebral cortex
The neural dynamics underlying speech comprehension are not well understood. Here, the authors show that phonemic-to-lexical processing is localized to a large region of the temporal cortex, and that segmentation of the speech stream occurs mostly at the level of diphones.
- Xue L. Gong
- , Alexander G. Huth
- & Frédéric E. Theunissen
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Article
| Open AccessCell-type-specific plasticity of inhibitory interneurons in the rehabilitation of auditory cortex after peripheral damage
Peripheral sensory organ damage leads to compensatory cortical plasticity. Here, the authors show that after noise trauma, auditory cortical neurons display cell-type-specific plasticity in their sound-evoked and intrinsic properties.
- Manoj Kumar
- , Gregory Handy
- & Thanos Tzounopoulos
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Article
| Open AccessLearning in a sensory cortical microstimulation task is associated with elevated representational stability
Cortical representations exhibit variable levels of stability, potentially impacting learning. Here, using an optogenetic cortical microstimulation task, the authors show that faster learning takes place in mice with more stable microstimulation responses.
- Ravi Pancholi
- , Lauren Ryan
- & Simon Peron
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Article
| Open AccessHuman orbitofrontal cortex signals decision outcomes to sensory cortex during behavioral adaptations
How the prefrontal cortex interacts with sensory cortex for behavioral adaptation in humans is unclear. Here, Wang et al. show that prediction-error related activity in lateral orbitofrontal cortex is conveyed as a teaching signal to update the outcome representation in sensory cortex.
- Bin A. Wang
- , Maike Veismann
- & Burkhard Pleger
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Article
| Open AccessPrimary somatosensory cortex bidirectionally modulates sensory gain and nociceptive behavior in a layer-specific manner
How the brain controls pain perception remains elusive. Here, authors show that layers 5 and 6 of the somatosensory cortex suppress or enhance nociception through cell-type-specific cortical and corticothalamic interactions.
- Katharina Ziegler
- , Ross Folkard
- & Alexander Groh
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| Open AccessA rapid theta network mechanism for flexible information encoding
Filtering or gating relevant information into working memory has been attributed to the striatum. Here, the authors reveal neocortical filtering mechanisms, namely, rapid changes in oscillatory theta networks, that predict fast and flexible human behavior.
- Elizabeth L. Johnson
- , Jack J. Lin
- & David Badre
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Article
| Open AccessTask-specific modulation of corticospinal neuron activity during motor learning in mice
Corticospinal activity is temporally coded with precise movements in mice. Here the authors investigate the role of corticospinal neuron activity in motor cortex during the learning of either a precise or imprecise task.
- Najet Serradj
- , Francesca Marino
- & Edmund Hollis
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| Open AccessPeripersonal encoding of forelimb proprioception in the mouse somatosensory cortex
In contrast to tactile sensations, proprioceptive cortical coding is barely studied in the mammalian brain. Here, using calcium imaging and optogenetic silencing experiments during a forelimb displacement paradigm in mice, the authors locate the proprioceptive cortex to both sensory and motor cortex, and further find passive limb movements to be encoded as a spatial direction vector interfacing the limb with the body’s peripersonal space.
- Ignacio Alonso
- , Irina Scheer
- & Mario Prsa
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Article
| Open AccessDeterminants of functional synaptic connectivity among amygdala-projecting prefrontal cortical neurons in male mice
Little is known about the synaptic organization of associative cortical structures such as the medial prefrontal cortex. Here, the authors use two-photon optogenetic stimulation to obtain a detailed cellular resolution map of functional synaptic connectivity of the mouse medial prefrontal cortex, finding unique spatial patterns of local-circuit connectivity in neurons that project to the basolateral amygdala.
- Yoav Printz
- , Pritish Patil
- & Ofer Yizhar
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Article
| Open AccessCerebro-cerebellar networks facilitate learning through feedback decoupling
Behavioral feedback is critical for learning, but it is often not available. Here, the authors introduce a deep learning model in which the cerebellum provides the cerebrum with feedback predictions, thereby facilitating learning, reducing dysmetria, and making several experimental predictions.
- Ellen Boven
- , Joseph Pemberton
- & Rui Ponte Costa
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Article
| Open AccessNeural dynamics of phoneme sequences reveal position-invariant code for content and order
Speech unfolds faster than the brain completes processing of speech sounds. Here, the authors show that brain activity moves systematically within neural populations of auditory cortex, allowing accurate representation of a speech sound’s identity and its position in the sound sequence.
- Laura Gwilliams
- , Jean-Remi King
- & David Poeppel
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Article
| Open AccessSchemas provide a scaffold for neocortical integration of new memories over time
It remains unclear how past experiences shape how new information is acquired and represented in the brain. Here, the authors provide data suggesting that past experiences influence neocortical integration and the organization of new overlapping memories across time.
- Sam Audrain
- & Mary Pat McAndrews
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Article
| Open AccessSocially meaningful visual context either enhances or inhibits vocalisation processing in the macaque brain
Social interaction involves processing semantic and emotional information. Here the authors show that in the macaque monkey lateral and superior temporal sulcus, cortical activity is enhanced in response to species-specific vocalisations predicted by matching face or social visual stimuli but inhibited when vocalisations are incongruent with the predictive visual context.
- Mathilda Froesel
- , Maëva Gacoin
- & Suliann Ben Hamed
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Article
| Open AccessCingulate-motor circuits update rule representations for sequential choice decisions
The anterior cingulate cortex allows an animal to update its behaviour when the environment changes. In this work, the authors identify a pathway from cingulate to secondary motor cortex, critical for updating motor rules following behavioural errors.
- Daigo Takeuchi
- , Dheeraj Roy
- & Susumu Tonegawa
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| Open AccessA conflict between spatial selection and evidence accumulation in area LIP
In primate area LIP, target selection and the accumulation of sensory evidence are considered a single process. Here, the authors use urgent choice tasks to show that spatial selection in LIP is distinct from, and may even conflict with, evidence accumulation.
- Joshua A. Seideman
- , Terrence R. Stanford
- & Emilio Salinas
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Article
| Open AccessEcholocation-related reversal of information flow in a cortical vocalization network
How cortical areas interact during vocalization is not fully understood. Here the authors show that when bats vocalize, the behavioral function of emitted sounds determines the direction of information flow between frontal and auditory cortices.
- Francisco García-Rosales
- , Luciana López-Jury
- & Julio C. Hechavarría
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Article
| Open AccessExisting function in primary visual cortex is not perturbed by new skill acquisition of a non-matched sensory task
Using an optical brain computer interface in mice, here the authors demonstrate that new skill acquisition is not inherently disruptive to existing function. These findings suggest neural networks are robust to perturbations associated with integrating new information.
- Brian B. Jeon
- , Thomas Fuchs
- & Sandra J. Kuhlman
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Article
| Open AccessAuditory processing remains sensitive to environmental experience during adolescence in a rodent model
Anbuhl et al. identify adolescence as a time of vulnerability to sensory deprivation. They find that even a transient loss of auditory experience causes long-lasting perceptual deficits that originate, in part, from a cortical processing deficit.
- Kelsey L. Anbuhl
- , Justin D. Yao
- & Dan H. Sanes
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Article
| Open AccessTranslaminar recurrence from layer 5 suppresses superficial cortical layers
The role of translaminar feedback projections between layer 5 and layers 2/3 in sensory processing remains unclear. Here, the authors show that ascending projections from layer 5 suppress superficial layers, and that this translaminar feedback sharpens feature selectivity in the primary auditory cortex.
- Koun Onodera
- & Hiroyuki K. Kato
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Article
| Open AccessMesoscopic landscape of cortical functions revealed by through-skull wide-field optical imaging in marmoset monkeys
The authors developed an optical imaging approach for mapping cortical functions through the intact skull in marmoset monkeys. Detailed functions and topographies were revealed in visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices at mesoscopic scales.
- Xindong Song
- , Yueqi Guo
- & Xiaoqin Wang
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Article
| Open AccessInformation normally considered task-irrelevant drives decision-making and affects premotor circuit recruitment
Prior experience is used by the brain to guide adaptive behaviour during decision making. Here, the authors show that mice also selectively use information learned through recent and longer-term experience beyond just prior actions and reward to guide adaptive behaviour.
- Drew C. Schreiner
- , Christian Cazares
- & Christina M. Gremel
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Article
| Open AccessAcquiring new memories in neocortex of hippocampal-lesioned mice
Hippocampal lesioned mice form new memories. Here, the authors show the lateral entorhinal cortex modulates learning-induced cortical long-range gamma synchrony in a hippocampal-dependent manner and artificially induced cortical gamma synchrony across cortical areas improved memory encoding in hippocampal lesioned mice.
- Wenhan Luo
- , Di Yun
- & Ji-Song Guan
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Article
| Open AccessBrain-wide projection reconstruction of single functionally defined neurons
Brain-wide axonal projections of single neurons have been extensively reconstructed without any functional characterization. The authors present a method that allows for developing a precise one-to-one map of both projection patterns and functional features of single neurons in mice.
- Meng Wang
- , Ke Liu
- & Xiaowei Chen
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| Open AccessNeuronal activity in sensory cortex predicts the specificity of learning in mice
The neural mechanisms underpinning the specificity of fear memories remains poorly understood. Here, the authors highlight how neural activity prior to fear learning impacts fear memory specificity.
- Katherine C. Wood
- , Christopher F. Angeloni
- & Maria N. Geffen
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Article
| Open AccessAutomatic mapping of multiplexed social receptive fields by deep learning and GPU-accelerated 3D videography
High resolution descriptions of social interactions and their neural correlates are lacking. Here the authors report a pipeline enabling fully automatic multi-animal tracking during social encounters, together with simultaneous electrophysiological recordings, and show this works in low-light settings.
- Christian L. Ebbesen
- & Robert C. Froemke
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Article
| Open AccessInhibitory gating of coincidence-dependent sensory binding in secondary auditory cortex
Sound processing requires binding of frequency components into a unified perceptual object. Here the authors investigate the neural correlates in the mouse secondary auditory cortex underlying multifrequency binding in response to harmonic sounds.
- Amber M. Kline
- , Destinee A. Aponte
- & Hiroyuki K. Kato
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| Open AccessParallel processing of working memory and temporal information by distinct types of cortical projection neurons
Intratelencephalic and pyramidal tract neurons are two major types of cortical excitatory neurons that project to cortical and subcortical structures. The authors show that in the prefrontal cortex the two populations have different roles for the maintenance of working memory and for tracking the passage of time.
- Jung Won Bae
- , Huijeong Jeong
- & Min Whan Jung
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Article
| Open AccessSubcortical circuits mediate communication between primary sensory cortical areas in mice
In the primary auditory cortex, visual or tactile stimuli can modulate acoustically-driven activity. Here, the authors show that circuits linking the primary somatosensory cortex to both the auditory midbrain and thalamus allow tactile inputs to modulate auditory thalamocortical processing.
- Michael Lohse
- , Johannes C. Dahmen
- & Andrew J. King
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Article
| Open AccessNet decrease in spine-surface GluA1-containing AMPA receptors after post-learning sleep in the adult mouse cortex
The synaptic mechanisms of how sleep benefits cognitive functions are not well characterised. Here, the authors show that sleep leads to an overall net decrease in spine-surface GluA1-containing AMPA receptors and that this is correlated with changes in performance after sleep.
- Daisuke Miyamoto
- , William Marshall
- & Chiara Cirelli
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Article
| Open AccessA network linking scene perception and spatial memory systems in posterior cerebral cortex
Navigation requires integration of visual information with spatial memory representations. Steel et al. describe a new network of brain areas that facilitates the interaction between these perceptual and mnemonic neural systems.
- Adam Steel
- , Madeleine M. Billings
- & Caroline E. Robertson
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Article
| Open AccessA continuum of invariant sensory and behavioral-context perceptual coding in secondary somatosensory cortex
The secondary somatosensory cortex represents a range of invariant sensory responses and perceptual categorical codes across the population, with a continuum of mixed dynamics that abstractly depend on task‐demand, although the sensory representations remain unaltered.
- Román Rossi-Pool
- , Antonio Zainos
- & Ranulfo Romo
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Article
| Open AccessGraded recruitment of pupil-linked neuromodulation by parametric stimulation of the vagus nerve
Despite its wide and growing use, the mechanisms by which in vivo vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) exerts its therapeutic benefits are still largely unknown. Here, the authors show in mice that pupil dilation is a reliable and noninvasive biosensor for titratable VNS-evoked cortical neuromodulation by acetylcholine.
- Zakir Mridha
- , Jan Willem de Gee
- & Matthew James McGinley
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Article
| Open AccessHuman cortical encoding of pitch in tonal and non-tonal languages
Different languages rely on different vocal sounds to convey meaning. Here the authors show that language-general coding of pitch occurs in the non-primary auditory cortex for both tonal (Mandarin Chinese) and non-tonal (English) languages, with some language specificity on the population level.
- Yuanning Li
- , Claire Tang
- & Edward F. Chang
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Article
| Open AccessRecurrent network dynamics shape direction selectivity in primary auditory cortex
Aponte et al. show that cortical direction selectivity to frequency modulated sounds is shaped by asymmetric signal amplification within recurrent circuits. Optogenetics and network modelling demonstrate that this asymmetry arises due to broad spatial topography of SOM cell mediated inhibition.
- Destinee A. Aponte
- , Gregory Handy
- & Hiroyuki K. Kato
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Article
| Open AccessFeedforward prediction error signals during episodic memory retrieval
Haque et al. demonstrate that the episodic memory of a single visual scene is sufficient for humans to recognize if a visual scene has subsequently changed. A prediction error signal first arises in the visual association cortex when individuals recognize these changes.
- Rafi U. Haque
- , Sara K. Inati
- & Kareem A. Zaghloul
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Article
| Open AccessDevelopmental divergence of sensory stimulus representation in cortical interneurons
Sensory neuronal circuits adapt during maturation when animals start to actively interact with the external world. The authors reveal structural and functional rearrangements of the input cortical interneurons receive around the time the animals start active sensation.
- Rahel Kastli
- , Rasmus Vighagen
- & Theofanis Karayannis