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Thalamocortical control of cell-type specificity drives circuits for processing whisker-related information in mouse barrel cortex
Excitatory spiny stellate neurons in the somatosensory cortex are shaped by innervating thalamic inputs and unique expression of genes. Here, the authors show that these neurons play a crucial role in processing distinct whisker signals and forming specialized circuits for sensory perception.
- Timothy R. Young
- , Mariko Yamamoto
- & Tomomi Shimogori
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Retina-derived signals control pace of neurogenesis in visual brain areas but not circuit assembly
How does sensory input shape cellular composition and circuit structure of the brain during development? This study shows that, without connections to the retina, neurons in visual brain areas differentiate and wire up normally, albeit more slowly.
- Shachar Sherman
- , Irene Arnold-Ammer
- & Herwig Baier
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Cell type diversity in a developing octopus brain
The brain cell types of Octopus vulgaris that control their sophisticated behavioral repertoire are still unknown. Here, authors use single-cell transcriptomics to profile neuronal and glial cell types and compare cell type relationships within the octopus brain and across species.
- Ruth Styfhals
- , Grygoriy Zolotarov
- & Eve Seuntjens
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Identification of visual cortex cell types and species differences using single-cell RNA sequencing
The laminar organization of macaque V1 cortex is similar to that seen in humans. Here the authors describe a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of macaque V1 cortex cells.
- Jia-Ru Wei
- , Zhao-Zhe Hao
- & Sheng Liu
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Molecular identity of proprioceptor subtypes innervating different muscle groups in mice
The molecular basis of proprioceptive neuron subtype identities is not fully understood. Here the authors investigate diversity of proprioceptive neurons connected to different muscles at the molecular level, and show that acquisition of muscle-type identity precedes the emergence of receptor character and contains effectors controlling muscle connectivity.
- Stephan Dietrich
- , Carlos Company
- & Niccolò Zampieri
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Modeling human telencephalic development and autism-associated SHANK3 deficiency using organoids generated from single neural rosettes
Our understanding of human brain development in health and disease is limited. The authors generated human brain organoids from stem cell-derived isolated single neural rosettes to study human cortico-striatal development and deficits caused by an autism-associated genetic abnormality in SHANK3.
- Yueqi Wang
- , Simone Chiola
- & Aleksandr Shcheglovitov
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A comprehensive temporal patterning gene network in Drosophila medulla neuroblasts revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing
During development, neural progenitors generate a variety of neural types sequentially. Here the authors examine gene expression patterns in Drosophila neural progenitors at single-cell level, and identify a gene regulatory network controlling the sequential generation of different neural types.
- Hailun Zhu
- , Sihai Dave Zhao
- & Xin Li
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The histone demethylase Kdm6b regulates subtype diversification of mouse spinal motor neurons during development
Neural cell type diversification during development is a complex and highly regulated process. Here, the authors show that the histone H3-lysine 27 demethylase Kdm6b promotes and inhibits the generation of specific motor neuron subtypes during the development of the mouse spinal cord.
- Wenxian Wang
- , Hyeyoung Cho
- & Soo-Kyung Lee
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Coordination of two enhancers drives expression of olfactory trace amine-associated receptors
In our nose, some neuron subpopulations express a family of trace amine associated receptors (TAARs, smelling e.g., rotten fish). Fei et al. identify two conserved enhancers across placental mammals named TAAR enhancer 1 and 2 that coordinately regulate expression of the entire Taar gene repertoire.
- Aimei Fei
- , Wanqing Wu
- & Qian Li
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Intracellular trafficking of Notch orchestrates temporal dynamics of Notch activity in the fly brain
During Drosophila development, two peaks of Notch activity propagate across the neuroepithelium to generate neuroblasts. Here, the authors show Notch cis-inhibition under the control of intracellular Notch trafficking establishes these two peaks, which temporally control neurogenesis in the brain.
- Miaoxing Wang
- , Xujun Han
- & Makoto Sato
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Distinct subtypes of proprioceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons regulate adaptive proprioception in mice
Molecular diversity of proprioceptive neuron types (Ia, Ib and II PNs) is unclear. Here, the authors characterized the functional organization and development of eight subtypes of PNs in mice. Importantly, Ia subtypes are plastic, suggesting a role in adaptive proprioception during motor behavior.
- Haohao Wu
- , Charles Petitpré
- & François Lallemend
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Early dorsomedial tissue interactions regulate gyrification of distal neocortex
The contribution of long-range signaling to cortical gyrification remains poorly understood. In this study, authors demonstrate that the combined genetic loss of transcription factors Lmx1a and Lmx1b, expressed in the telencephalic dorsal midline neuroepithelium and head mesenchyme, respectively, induces gyrification in the mouse neocortex
- Victor V. Chizhikov
- , Igor Y. Iskusnykh
- & Kathleen J. Millen
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A GABAergic Maf-expressing interneuron subset regulates the speed of locomotion in Drosophila
Spinal interneurons (IN) coordinate motoneuron activity to modulate locomotion behavior. Here, the authors characterize a subset of IN subtypes expressing the Maf transcription factor Traffic Jam (TJ) and report the distinct effects of their activation on body posture and locomotion in Drosophila larvae.
- H. Babski
- , T. Jovanic
- & A. Garcès
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Transient callosal projections of L4 neurons are eliminated for the acquisition of local connectivity
It is traditionally believed that callosal and non-callosal fates are determined early after a neuron’s birth, and that cortical layer (L) 4 excitatory neurons of the primary somatosensory (S1) barrel cortex project only ipsilaterally. However, here authors demonstrate, using a novel axonal retrotracing strategy, that L4 neurons develop transient interhemispheric axons that are refined in an area- and layer-specific manner during postnatal development.
- N. S. De León Reyes
- , S. Mederos
- & M. Nieto
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Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of mouse neocortical development
The authors perform single-cell RNA-seq of the mouse neocortex at an embryonic time point and at birth, and identify new and known cell types, and cell relatedness within and across age. These data serve as a resource to understand brain development and the cellular origins of brain diseases.
- Lipin Loo
- , Jeremy M. Simon
- & Mark J. Zylka
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Transcriptional repression of Plxnc1 by Lmx1a and Lmx1b directs topographic dopaminergic circuit formation
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAs) in the VTA and SNpc project to different regions and form distinct circuits. Here the authors show that transcription factors Lmx1a, Lmx1b, and Otx2 control the axon guidance of mDAs and the segregation of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways.
- Audrey Chabrat
- , Guillaume Brisson
- & Martin Lévesque
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Bi- and uniciliated ependymal cells define continuous floor-plate-derived tanycytic territories
Ependymal cells lining the adult brain ventricles are comprised of multiciliated cells and a rare subpopulation with two cilia (E2 cells) whose origin and function remain unknown. Here the authors find E2 cells in the 3rd ventricle of mice and humans, along with a third ependymal cell type with only a primary cilium, and provide details of their marker profile and developmental origins.
- Zaman Mirzadeh
- , Yael Kusne
- & Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
Single cell atlas of Xenoturbella bocki highlights limited cell-type complexity