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| Open AccessNlrp12 mutation causes C57BL/6J strain-specific defect in neutrophil recruitment
The role of NLRP12 in immunity to bacterial infection is controversial as varied and contrasting results have been published using C57BL/6 mice. Here the authors shed light on this issue, showing that unlike C57BL/6N mice, C57BL/6J mice have a missense point mutation in NLRP12 that is associated with defective neutrophil recruitment.
- Tyler K. Ulland
- , Nidhi Jain
- & Fayyaz S. Sutterwala
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| Open AccessHuman TRAV1-2-negative MR1-restricted T cells detect S. pyogenes and alternatives to MAIT riboflavin-based antigens
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells sense riboflavin biosynthetic intermediate antigens with a semi-invariant MR1-restricted T-cell receptor (TCR). Here the authors identify a new MR1-restricted TCR that senses cells infected with S. pyogenes, a bacteria unable to biosynthesize riboflavin.
- Erin W. Meermeier
- , Bruno F. Laugel
- & David M. Lewinsohn
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| Open AccessPseudomonas aeruginosa elastase cleaves a C-terminal peptide from human thrombin that inhibits host inflammatory responses
Neutrophil elastase cleaves thrombin generating anti-inflammatory peptides. Here the authors show that cleavage of thrombin by Pseudomonas aeruginosaelastase generates a peptide that prevents TLR dimerization and signaling, interfering with the inflammatory response to avoid host defense.
- Mariena J. A. van der Plas
- , Ravi K. V. Bhongir
- & Artur Schmidtchen
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| Open AccessA single gene of a commensal microbe affects host susceptibility to enteric infection
The interactions between gut bacteria and enteric pathogens are poorly understood. Here, Yoon et al. show that subinhibitory antibiotic treatment in a mouse model leads to overgrowth of an E. coli strain carrying a catalase-encoding gene that enhances infection with the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae.
- Mi Young Yoon
- , Kyung Bae Min
- & Sang Sun Yoon
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Article
| Open AccessAirway bacteria drive a progressive COPD-like phenotype in mice with polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency
The mechanisms driving lung inflammation and remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are incompletely understood. Here the authors show that lack of secretory IgA promotes bacterial invasion in small airways, resulting in leukocyte recruitment and a COPD-like phenotype.
- Bradley W. Richmond
- , Robert M. Brucker
- & Vasiliy V. Polosukhin
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| Open AccessCyclic diguanylate monophosphate directly binds to human siderocalin and inhibits its antibacterial activity
Siderocalin is an antibacterial component of the innate immune system that prevents iron acquisition by bacteria by sequestering their iron-binding siderophores. Here, Li et al.show that the bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP binds to siderocalin, thus inhibiting its antibacterial function.
- Weihui Li
- , Tao Cui
- & Zheng-Guo He
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| Open AccessLegionella suppresses the host unfolded protein response via multiple mechanisms
The bacterium Legionella pneumophila, a causative agent of severe pneumonia, replicates inside an endoplasmic reticulum-like organelle in the host cells. Here, Treacy-Abarca and Mukherjee show that the pathogen dampens the host’s unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway by multiple mechanisms.
- Sean Treacy-Abarca
- & Shaeri Mukherjee
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Enterobacteria-secreted particles induce production of exosome-like S1P-containing particles by intestinal epithelium to drive Th17-mediated tumorigenesis
Microbial and host cells in the gut exchange complex signals that we only begin to decipher. Here the authors show that pathogenic but not commensal gut bacteria secrete microparticles, which in turn induce changes in the content of the mucosa-produced exosomes to promote Th17-mediated tumorigenesis.
- Zhongbin Deng
- , Jingyao Mu
- & Huang-Ge Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessMolecular basis for bacterial peptidoglycan recognition by LysM domains
Proteins containing LysM domains recognize polysaccharides such as chitin and peptidoglycan, the main components of fungal and bacterial cell walls. Here the authors describe the molecular interactions between peptidoglycan and a LysM domain from the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Enterococcus faecalis.
- Stéphane Mesnage
- , Mariano Dellarole
- & Michael P. Williamson
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MicroRNA-302b augments host defense to bacteria by regulating inflammatory responses via feedback to TLR/IRAK4 circuits
Bacterial infection stimulates a powerful inflammatory response that must be regulated to prevent tissue damage. Zhou et al.identify microRNA-302b as a feedback suppressor of inflammatory signalling that alleviates lung injury following Pseudomonas infection by targeting the NF-κB activator IRAK4.
- Xikun Zhou
- , Xuefeng Li
- & Min Wu
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Effectors of animal and plant pathogens use a common domain to bind host phosphoinositides
Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens use the type III secretion system to translocate effectors into the host cell. Here, the authors characterize a bacterial phosphoinositide-binding domain, which is conserved in diverse type III effectors of both plant and animal pathogens and couples membrane localization with refolding.
- Dor Salomon
- , Yirui Guo
- & Kim Orth
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Tyrosine sulfation in a Gram-negative bacterium
The sulfation of protein tyrosine residues is a common post-translational modification in eukaryotes. Here, Han et al.show that the protein RaxST, produced by a plant bacterium, has tyrosine sulfotransferase activity, demonstrating for the first time tyrosine sulfation in prokaryotes.
- Sang-Wook Han
- , Sang-Won Lee
- & Pamela C. Ronald
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The GOLD domain-containing protein TMED7 inhibits TLR4 signalling from the endosome upon LPS stimulation
TLRs have a role in innate immunity and TLR4 recognizes lipopolysaccharide on the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Now, Doyle and colleagues show that a transmembrane protein TMED7, similar to aDrosophilahomologue, can negatively control TLR4 signalling, suggesting a conserved role in innate immunity.
- Sarah L. Doyle
- , Harald Husebye
- & Anne F. McGettrick
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| Open AccessInterferon-γ-producing immature myeloid cells confer protection against severe invasive group A Streptococcus infections
Myeloid cells are important in the response to severe infection by invasiveStreptococcusGroup A. In this study, a distinct population of immature myeloid cells with ring shaped nuclei that produce interferon-γ are shown to be important for protection of mice against the early stages of invasive infection.
- Takayuki Matsumura
- , Manabu Ato
- & Kazuo Kobayashi