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| Open AccessResolved magnetohydrodynamic wave lensing in the solar corona
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves observed on the Sun help understanding solar plasma and involved processes. Here, the authors show resolved MHD waves in the solar corona displaying MHD lensing effect.
- Xinping Zhou
- , Yuandeng Shen
- & Chengrui Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessBenchtop mesoSPIM: a next-generation open-source light-sheet microscope for cleared samples
The demand to image large biological samples at high resolution requires improvement in current light-sheet microscopy tools. Here, the authors present an improved, benchtop mesoSPIM with a significantly increased field-of-view, improved resolution and improved throughput.
- Nikita Vladimirov
- , Fabian F. Voigt
- & Fritjof Helmchen
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Article
| Open AccessSupernova dust destruction in the magnetized turbulent ISM
The interstellar medium (ISM) is critical to galaxy evolution. Here, the authors show dust processing modelling applied to magnetohydrodynamic simulations to explicitly follow dust destruction by the combined effects of grain-grain collisions and ion-sputtering induced by a supernova blast wave in a turbulent multiphase, magnetized ISM.
- Florian Kirchschlager
- , Lars Mattsson
- & Frederick A. Gent
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Article
| Open AccessContinuous ultraviolet to blue-green astrocomb
Astrocombs serve as precision calibrators for astrophysical spectrographs by providing a regular sequence of optical lines on a multi-GHz grid. Here, the authors report the first broadband astrocomb in the UV to blue-green spectral region, where stellar absorption lines are most abundant.
- Yuk Shan Cheng
- , Kamalesh Dadi
- & Derryck T. Reid
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Article
| Open AccessSynchrotron intensity gradient revealing magnetic fields in galaxy clusters
The current understanding of the origin and properties of cluster magnetic fields is limited by observational challenges. Here, the authors show that magnetic field orientations of galaxy clusters, including radio relic and radio halos, can be derived via combination of synchrotron intensity gradient technique with radio observations.
- Yue Hu
- , C. Stuardi
- & Ka Wai Ho
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Article
| Open AccessSearching for ultralight dark matter conversion in solar corona using Low Frequency Array data
Hypothetical dark photon (DP) dark matter (DM) and axion DM might resonantly convert into electromagnetic waves in the solar corona. Here, the authors show upper limits on the axion-photon coupling and on the kinetic mixing coupling of DPDM and photon within 30-80 MHz in the solar corona radio observations.
- Haipeng An
- , Xingyao Chen
- & Yan Luo
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Article
| Open AccessGlobal-scale magnetosphere convection driven by dayside magnetic reconnection
A fundamental feature of planetary magnetospheres is internal convection induced by surrounding solar wind. Here, authors offer insights into the interplay among solar wind, magnetosphere, and ionosphere, and evidence a dayside-driven convection pattern linked to magnetic-field-aligned currents.
- Lei Dai
- , Minghui Zhu
- & Graziella Branduardi-Raymont
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| Open AccessSub-Doppler optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy using a cavity-enhanced frequency comb probe
Probing molecules in excited vibrational states requires precise methods to extract the spectroscopic parameters. Here the authors demonstrate optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy of excited-bands of methane using single pass high power continuous wave pump and cavity-enhanced frequency comb probe.
- Vinicius Silva de Oliveira
- , Isak Silander
- & Aleksandra Foltynowicz
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Article
| Open AccessAn updated nuclear-physics and multi-messenger astrophysics framework for binary neutron star mergers
The Nuclear-physics and Multi-Messenger Astrophysics framework, NMMA, combines multiple information from neutron stars and neutron star mergers. Here, the authors show an update of the NMMA framework to constrain neutron star equation of state by simultaneously analyzing multi-messenger observations.
- Peter T. H. Pang
- , Tim Dietrich
- & Chris Van Den Broeck
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Article
| Open AccessCosmic-void observations reconciled with primordial magnetogenesis
Gamma-ray observations indicate that cosmic voids may host magnetic fields. Here, the authors show that relics of fields from the early Universe could be consistent with these observations if their decay is mediated by magnetic reconnection and conserves the mean square fluctuation level of magnetic helicity.
- David N. Hosking
- & Alexander A. Schekochihin
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| Open AccessA new era in solar system astronomy with JWST
The exploration of our solar system is being radically changed since the beginning of operations of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in mid 2022. JWST’s extraordinary sensitivity and instrumentation allow for sensitive searches for the building blocks of life and to test for habitability, also enabling new discoveries on small bodies to giant planets across our solar system and beyond.
- G. L. Villanueva
- & S. N. Milam
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Article
| Open AccessJupiter-like planets might be common in a low-density environment
Models predict that giant planets should easily form around solar-type stars, but most radial velocity surveys found a rather low number of them. Here, the authors show that Jupiter-like planets may be more common than previously found, at least in low density environments.
- Raffaele Gratton
- , Dino Mesa
- & Elisabetta Rigliaco
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Article
| Open AccessConstraints on axion-like dark matter from a SERF comagnetometer
Axions are hypothetical particles that constitute leading candidates for the identity of dark matter. Here, the authors improve previous exclusion bounds on axion-like particles in the range of 1.4–200 peV, and report direct terrestrial limits on the coupling of protons and neutrons with axion-like dark matter.
- Itay M. Bloch
- , Roy Shaham
- & Or Katz
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Article
| Open AccessExpanding the limits of nuclear stability at finite temperature
It is interesting and important to understand how the properties of nuclei and their stability change with temperature. Here the authors report their theoretical study of hot nuclei and the drip lines that limit the nuclear existence at finite temperature.
- Ante Ravlić
- , Esra Yüksel
- & Nils Paar
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Comment
| Open AccessImpact observations of asteroid Dimorphos via Light Italian CubeSat for imaging of asteroids (LICIACube)
On September 26th 2022, LICIACube monitored Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission impact on asteroid Dimorphos, which is the smaller component of a binary asteroid system. These close observations revealed the impact ejecta features of the first planetary defence test with a kinetic impactor.
- Elisabetta Dotto
- & Angelo Zinzi
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Article
| Open AccessFast rotating blue stragglers prefer loose clusters
Blue Stragglers Stars (BSSs) are anomalously luminous main sequence stars in clusters. Here, the authors show evidence that the fraction of fast rotating BSSs increases for decreasing central density of the host system, suggesting fast spinning BSSs prefer low-density environments.
- Francesco R. Ferraro
- , Alessio Mucciarelli
- & Mario Mateo
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| Open AccessThe diffuse gamma-ray flux from clusters of galaxies
The origin of the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGRB) is unknown. Here, the authors show that the integrated gamma-ray flux from clusters can contribute up to 100% of the DGRB flux observed by Fermi-LAT above 100 GeV.
- Saqib Hussain
- , Rafael Alves Batista
- & Klaus Dolag
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| Open AccessMetal-rich stars are less suitable for the evolution of life on their planets
Low stellar ultraviolet (UV) radiation leads to low ozone abundances, therefore, less planetary UV protection. Here, the authors show that planets in the habitable zones of metal-poor stars, despite their higher UV radiation than metal-rich stars, are the best targets for search for life.
- Anna V. Shapiro
- , Christoph Brühl
- & Jos Lelieveld
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| Open AccessHabitability and sub glacial liquid water on planets of M-dwarf stars
A long-standing issue in astrobiology is whether planets orbiting the most abundant type of stars, M-dwarfs, can support liquid water and eventually life. A new study shows that subglacial melting may provide an answer, significantly extending the habitability region, in particular around M-dwarf stars, which are also the most promising for biosignature detection with the present and near-future technology.
- Amri Wandel
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Article
| Open AccessGas phase synthesis of the C40 nano bowl C40H10
Nanobowls represent building blocks of fullerenes and nanotubes as detected in combustion systems and deep space, but their formation mechanisms in these environments have remained elusive. Here, the authors explore the gas-phase formation of benzocorannulene and beyond to the C40 nanobowl.
- Lotefa B. Tuli
- , Shane J. Goettl
- & Ralf I. Kaiser
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Article
| Open AccessFrom a microscopic inertial active matter model to the Schrödinger equation
Active field theories are powerful tools to explain phenomena such as motility-induced phase separation. The authors report an active analogue to the quantum mechanics tunneling effect, showing similarity to the Schrödinger equation, by introducing an extended model applicable to active particles with inertia.
- Michael te Vrugt
- , Tobias Frohoff-Hülsmann
- & Raphael Wittkowski
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Article
| Open AccessAsymmetric eROSITA bubbles as the evidence of a circumgalactic medium wind
The origins of the pair of X-ray bubbles, called eROSITA bubbles (eRBs), detected in the halo of Milky Way are debated. Here, the authors show hydrodynamical simulations suggesting circumgalactic medium wind model can explain asymmetric eRBs.
- Guobin Mou
- , Dongze Sun
- & Zhicheng He
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| Open AccessEfficient stabilization of cyanonaphthalene by fast radiative cooling and implications for the resilience of small PAHs in interstellar clouds
The abundances of small Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) observed in interstellar clouds has surprised astronomers and confounded astrochemical models. Here, the authors show that fast radiative cooling by Recurrent Fluorescence efficiently stabilizes the small PAH cation 1-cyanonaphthalene.
- Mark H. Stockett
- , James N. Bull
- & Boxing Zhu
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Article
| Open AccessEquilibrium selection via current sheet relaxation and guide field amplification
Magnetized plasmas display continuous spectra of current-sheet equilibria. How they select a particular equilibrium is not well understood. Now, equilibrium selection in magnetized plasmas is studied by analytical theory, particle-in-cell simulations and spacecraft observations, highlighting the role of current-sheet relaxation processes.
- Young Dae Yoon
- , Deirdre E. Wendel
- & Gunsu S. Yun
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Article
| Open AccessEvidence of structural discontinuities in the inner core of red-giant stars
Red giant stars enter the clump phase as the helium in the cores start fusing. Here, the authors show evidence for large core structural discontinuities in 7% of Kepler satellite clump star data implying that the mixing region beyond the convective core boundary has a radiative thermal stratification.
- Mathieu Vrard
- , Margarida S. Cunha
- & Benoît Mosser
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Article
| Open AccessBa+2 ion trapping using organic submonolayer for ultra-low background neutrinoless double beta detector
One of the possible events signaling a neutrinoless double beta decay is a Xe atom decaying into a Ba ion and two electrons. Aiming at the realisation of a detector for such a process, the authors show that Ba ions can be efficiently trapped (chelated) in vacuum by an organic molecule layer on a surface.
- P. Herrero-Gómez
- , J. P. Calupitan
- & J. T. White
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Article
| Open AccessRossby wave second harmonic generation observed in the middle atmosphere
Rossby waves occur in rotating fluids. Here, the authors show observation of a Rossby wave second harmonic generation event in the middle atmosphere and confirm theoretically anticipated Rossby wave nonlinearity.
- Maosheng He
- & Jeffrey M. Forbes
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Article
| Open AccessLiquid water on cold exo-Earths via basal melting of ice sheets
Liquid water is key for life as we know it. Here, the authors show even with a modest geothermal heat flow, subglacial oceans of liquid water can form at the base of and within the ice sheets on exo-Earths, which may provide habitable conditions for an extended period.
- Lujendra Ojha
- , Bryce Troncone
- & George McDonald
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Article
| Open AccessImproved bounds on Lorentz violation from composite pulse Ramsey spectroscopy in a trapped ion
Breaking of Lorentz symmetry is related to the unification of fundamental forces and the extension of the standard model. Here the authors provide updated bounds on the Lorentz violation, by using measurements with trapped Yb+ ion, that represent an improvement over existing results.
- Laura S. Dreissen
- , Chih-Han Yeh
- & Tanja E. Mehlstäubler
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Article
| Open AccessSearch for Dark Matter Axions with CAST-CAPP
Haloscopes aim at detecting axions by converting them into photons using high-quality resonant cavities, where the cavity resonance should be tuned with the unknown axion mass. Here, the authors improve exclusion limits using four phase-matched resonant cavities and a fast frequency scanning technique.
- C. M. Adair
- , K. Altenmüller
- & K. Zioutas
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Article
| Open AccessA wind environment and Lorentz factors of tens explain gamma-ray bursts X-ray plateau
The origin of the plateau observed in the early X-ray light curves of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) is debated. Here, the authors show that the observed plateau can be explained within the classical GRB model by considering expanding shell with initial Lorentz factor of a few tens.
- Hüsne Dereli-Bégué
- , Asaf Pe’er
- & Maria G. Dainotti
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Article
| Open AccessRepeating fast radio burst 20201124A originates from a magnetar/Be star binary
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright millisecond or shorter duration transient events. Here, the authors propose that FRB 20201124A comes from a binary system of a magnetar and a Be star with a decretion disk.
- F. Y. Wang
- , G. Q. Zhang
- & K. S. Cheng
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Article
| Open AccessThe imprint of star formation on stellar pulsations
The classical stellar evolution concept assumes that when the stars arrive on the main sequence, there is no traceable mark remains about their early evolutionary history. Here, the authors show that the accretion history leaves an imprint on the interior structure of the stars that are potentially detectable via asteroseismology.
- Thomas Steindl
- , Konstanze Zwintz
- & Eduard Vorobyov
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Article
| Open AccessThe supernova remnant SN 1006 as a Galactic particle accelerator
It is known that cosmic rays could be accelerated by shock waves in supernova (SN) remnants. Here, the authors show that SN 1006 remnant is an efficient source of cosmic rays, providing observational support for the quasi-parallel acceleration mechanism.
- Roberta Giuffrida
- , Marco Miceli
- & Giovanni Peres
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Article
| Open AccessSearching for ultra-light bosons and constraining black hole spin distributions with stellar tidal disruption events
Stellar tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when stars pass close enough to supermassive black holes. Here, the authors show that future searches TDEs have potential to uncover the existence of ultralight bosons.
- Peizhi Du
- , Daniel Egaña-Ugrinovic
- & Rosalba Perna
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Article
| Open AccessDetection of companion galaxies around hot dust-obscured hyper-luminous galaxy W0410-0913
Lyman-alpha emission is one of the observational probes for the high-redshift universe. Here, the authors show several Lyman-alpha emitting companion galaxies around the hot dust-obscured galaxy W0410-091 suggesting that the galaxy evolves in a very dense environment.
- M. Ginolfi
- , E. Piconcelli
- & A. Verhamme
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Article
| Open AccessNGC1818 unveils the origin of the extended main-sequence turn-off in young Magellanic Clouds clusters
The nature of young star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds is debated. Here, the authors show an alternative approach that exploits data to exclude the presence of age differences greater than a few million years among cluster stars in a very young cluster.
- Giacomo Cordoni
- , Antonino P. Milone
- & Maria V. Legnardi
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Article
| Open AccessAnalogue cosmological particle creation in an ultracold quantum fluid of light
Under certain conditions light can act as a fluid like a Bose-Einstein condensate. Here the authors discuss an analogy of cosmological particle creation using such a quantum fluid of light.
- Jeff Steinhauer
- , Murad Abuzarli
- & Quentin Glorieux
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Article
| Open AccessNeutron-upscattering enhancement of the triple-alpha process
The triple-alpha process plays a role in nucleosynthesis, in the formation of 12C. Here, the authors discuss the rate and role of the neutron upscattering phenomenon on the triple-alpha process in a multi-step process.
- J. Bishop
- , C. E. Parker
- & C. Wheldon
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Article
| Open AccessLarge scale coherent magnetohydrodynamic oscillations in a sunspot
Co-existence of several magnetohydrodynamic oscillations modes on the Sun were predicted earlier. Here, the authors show large-scale coherent oscillations in a sunspot, with a spectrum different than solar global acoustic oscillations, incorporating a superposition of many resonant wave modes.
- M. Stangalini
- , G. Verth
- & C. D. MacBride
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Article
| Open AccessStochastic fluctuations of bosonic dark matter
Direct dark matter searches need to take into account whether the total observation time is lower than the characteristic coherence time of the DM field. Analysing this generally overlooked scenario, here the authors quantify the impact on DM limits of the stochastic nature of the virialised ultralight field.
- Gary P. Centers
- , John W. Blanchard
- & Andrei Derevianko
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Article
| Open AccessSurvival of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon knockout fragments in the interstellar medium
Ion storage rings allow reactions to be studied over orders of magnitude in time, bridging the gap between typical experimental and astronomical timescales. Here the authors observe that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fragments produced upon collision with He atoms at velocities typical of stellar winds and supernova shockwaves remain intact up to second timescales, thus may play an important role in interstellar chemistry.
- Michael Gatchell
- , João Ameixa
- & Henning Zettergren
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Article
| Open AccessA GeV-TeV particle component and the barrier of cosmic-ray sea in the Central Molecular Zone
Galactic center is one of the most important cosmic-ray sources. Here, the authors show GeV-TeV cosmic ray density in the central molecular zone is lower than the cosmic ray sea component, suggesting presence of high energy particle accelerator at the galactic center and existence of barrier.
- Xiaoyuan Huang
- , Qiang Yuan
- & Yi-Zhong Fan
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Article
| Open AccessVibrationally excited molecular hydrogen production from the water photochemistry
Understanding the source of vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen is an essential prerequisite for understanding the chemical evolution in the universe. Here the authors report a photodissociation pathway to produce vibrationally excited H2 via the water photochemistry.
- Yao Chang
- , Feng An
- & Xueming Yang
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Article
| Open AccessSoft gamma rays from low accreting supermassive black holes and connection to energetic neutrinos
The origins of the soft gamma-ray and high-energy neutrino backgrounds remain unknown. Here, the authors show radiatively inefficient accretion flows of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei can produce the soft gamma ray and high energy neutrino backgrounds simultaneously.
- Shigeo S. Kimura
- , Kohta Murase
- & Péter Mészáros
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Article
| Open AccessSpectroscopic evidence for a large spot on the dimming Betelgeuse
The reason of the dimming of Betelgeuse is debated. Here, the authors show effective temperature decrease that can be explained by a large spot.
- Sofya Alexeeva
- , Gang Zhao
- & Shaoming Hu
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Article
| Open AccessRotational and nuclear-spin level dependent photodissociation dynamics of H2S
The photodissociation dynamics of small molecules in the vacuum ultraviolet range can have key implications for astrochemical modelling, but revealing such dynamical details is a challenging task. Here the authors, combining high resolution experimental techniques, provide a detailed description of the fragmentation dynamics of selected rotational levels of a predissociated Rydberg state of H2S.
- Yarui Zhao
- , Zijie Luo
- & Xueming Yang
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Article
| Open AccessSpectral index-flux relation for investigating the origins of steep decay in γ-ray bursts
Gamma ray bursts (GRB) are transient events releasing large amount of energy. Here, the authors show a relation between the spectral index and the flux, which allows further investigation of the origin of steep decay in GRBs.
- Samuele Ronchini
- , Gor Oganesyan
- & Om Sharan Salafia
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Article
| Open AccessCollisionless relaxation of a disequilibrated current sheet and implications for bifurcated structures
Bifurcated current sheets are a recurring feature in magnetized space plasmas. Here the authors explain the emergence of bifurcated structures by natural redistributions of single-particle orbits during the collisionless relaxation process of a disequilibrated current sheet.
- Young Dae Yoon
- , Gunsu S. Yun
- & James L. Burch
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