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| Open AccessPhase separation modulates the assembly and dynamics of a polarity-related scaffold-signaling hub
The polarization of distinct scaffold-signaling hubs at opposite cell poles constitutes the basis of asymmetric cell division. Here, the authors show that phase separation serves as a general mechanism to regulate the assembly and dynamics of a new-pole scaffold-signaling hub.
- Wei Tan
- , Sihua Cheng
- & Wei Zhao
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| Open AccessUbiquitination of CLIP-170 family protein restrains polarized growth upon DNA replication stress
The microtubule plus-end tracking protein Tip1 regulates microtubule dynamics and polar growth in fission yeast. Here the authors link the ubiquitination of Tip1 by ubiquitin ligase Dma1 to polarized growth inhibition upon DNA replication stress.
- Xi Wang
- , Fan Zheng
- & Quan-wen Jin
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| Open AccessRab35 governs apicobasal polarity through regulation of actin dynamics during sprouting angiogenesis
The promiscuous GTPase Rab35 has been shown to be involved in many important cellular functions. In this article, Francis et al. illustrate how Rab35 acts as a critical brake to actin remodeling during sprouting angiogenesis and how it is necessary for proper blood vessel development.
- Caitlin R. Francis
- , Hayle Kincross
- & Erich J. Kushner
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| Open AccessASPP2 maintains the integrity of mechanically stressed pseudostratified epithelia during morphogenesis
The early embryo maintains its structure in the face of large mechanical stresses during morphogenesis. Here they show that ASPP2 acts to preserve epithelial integrity in regions of high apical tension during early development.
- Christophe Royer
- , Elizabeth Sandham
- & Shankar Srinivas
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Article
| Open AccessCD13 orients the apical-basal polarity axis necessary for lumen formation
Epithelial cells that organise into structures that contain a lumen are polarised. Here, the authors show that the short intracellular domain of transmembrane protein CD13 is required to capture endosomes at the apical site and is required for the polarisation of cells.
- Li-Ting Wang
- , Abira Rajah
- & Luke McCaffrey
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| Open AccessSpatio-temporal mRNA tracking in the early zebrafish embryo
Early stages of embryogenesis are known to depend on subcellular localization and transport of maternal mRNA, but systematic analyses have been hindered by a lack of methods for tracking of RNA. Here the authors combine spatially-resolved transcriptomics and single-cell RNA labeling to perform a spatio-temporal analysis of the transcriptome during early zebrafish development, revealing insights into this process.
- Karoline Holler
- , Anika Neuschulz
- & Jan Philipp Junker
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Article
| Open AccessBasement membrane damage by ROS- and JNK-mediated Mmp2 activation drives macrophage recruitment to overgrown tissue
The molecular mechanisms regulating macrophage recruitment to tumors are unclear. Here, the authors use a Drosophila overgrowth model to show how damaged basement membranes recruit macrophages to undead tissue, via an interdependent effect of reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinase 2.
- Neha Diwanji
- & Andreas Bergmann
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Article
| Open AccessIRSp53 controls plasma membrane shape and polarized transport at the nascent lumen in epithelial tubules
The I-BAR protein IRSp53 senses membrane curvature but its physiological role is unclear. Here, the authors show that during early lumen morphogenesis, IRSp53 controls the shape of the apical plasma membrane and polarized trafficking and ensures the correct epithelial tubular architecture and if deleted, affects renal tubules morphogenesis in various organisms.
- Sara Bisi
- , Stefano Marchesi
- & Andrea Disanza
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Article
| Open AccessThe phospholipid PI(3,4)P2 is an apical identity determinant
During de novo establishment of apical-basal polarity, a basolateral membrane must be converted into an apical delivery zone. Here, the authors use MDCK 3D cysts to uncover that the phospholipid PI(3,4)P2 is an apical membrane determinant.
- Álvaro Román-Fernández
- , Julie Roignot
- & David M. Bryant
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Article
| Open AccessEpithelial cells release adenosine to promote local TNF production in response to polarity disruption
Epithelial stress can disrupt polarity and activate TNF and JNK signalling that contributes to inflammation and cell damage. Here, the authors show that disruption of apico-basal polarity leads to adenosine release, activating TNF and JNK and driving an inflammatory response during chronic stress.
- Ingrid Poernbacher
- & Jean-Paul Vincent
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Article
| Open AccessThe last-born daughter cell contributes to division orientation of Drosophila larval neuroblasts
The highly proliferative neuroblasts of the Drosophila larval brain divide over many cell cycles in a polarized manner. Here the authors show that the orientation of the axis of NB divisions is defined by the position of their last-born daughter cell.
- Nicolas Loyer
- & Jens Januschke
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Article
| Open AccessThe REN4 rheostat dynamically coordinates the apical and lateral domains of Arabidopsis pollen tubes
Polar growth of pollen tubes is established by polar localization of ROP1 GTPase activity at the apical tip. Here, Li et al. identify REN4 as a ROP1 interaction partner that restrains the ROP1 distribution to the apex by promoting ROP1 endocytosis from lateral domains of the pollen tube membrane.
- Hui Li
- , Nan Luo
- & Zhenbiao Yang
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Article
| Open AccessBasal condensation of Numb and Pon complex via phase transition during Drosophila neuroblast asymmetric division
Polarized localization of Numb and Pon in Drosophila neuroblasts (NBs) enables their unequal segregation during asymmetric cell divisions. Here, the authors demonstrate liquid-liquid phase separation of Pon and Numb in NBs mediated by multivalent intermolecular interactions is required for their basal condensation.
- Zelin Shan
- , Yuting Tu
- & Wenyu Wen
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| Open AccessActomyosin polarisation through PLC-PKC triggers symmetry breaking of the mouse embryo
The molecular trigger that establishes cell polarity in the mammalian embryo is unclear. Here, the authors show that de novo polarisation of the mouse embryo at the 8-cell stage is directed by Phospholipase C and Protein kinase C and occurs in two phases: polarisation of actomyosin followed by the Par complex.
- Meng Zhu
- , Chuen Yan Leung
- & Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
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| Open AccessAn apicobasal gradient of Rac activity determines protrusion form and position
Polarized epithelial cells must correctly position a wide range of subcellular structures. Here the authors demonstrate an apicobasal gradient of Rac GTPase activity, which is maintained by polarity proteins inDrosophilaepithelial sheets, and is required to maintain actin-dependent protrusion form and position.
- Africa Couto
- , Natalie Ann Mack
- & Marios Georgiou
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| Open AccessOrthogonal ubiquitin transfer identifies ubiquitination substrates under differential control by the two ubiquitin activating enzymes
The transfer of ubiquitin (UB) to cellular targets is mediated sequentially by three groups of enzymes, UB activating enzyme (E1), UB conjugating enzyme (E2) and UB ligase (E3). Here the authors provide evidence that the two mammalian E1 enzymes, Uba1 and Uba6, exert biologically distinct functions.
- Xianpeng Liu
- , Bo Zhao
- & Hiroaki Kiyokawa
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Article
| Open AccessCingulin and actin mediate midbody-dependent apical lumen formation during polarization of epithelial cells
Polarisation of epithelial cells causes lumen formation, which is mediated by apical membrane initiation site (AMIS) and FIP5, but how this is regulated is unclear. Here, the authors identify cingulin as a FIP-5 interacting protein, recruiting the Rac1-WAVE/Scar complex to the AMIS and branched actin formation.
- Anthony J. Mangan
- , Daniel V. Sietsema
- & Rytis Prekeris
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| Open AccessAlix-mediated assembly of the actomyosin–tight junction polarity complex preserves epithelial polarity and epithelial barrier
Correct assembly of intercellular junctions is required to maintain epithelial polarity and barrier function. Here Campos et al. show that the scaffold protein Alix interacts with F-actin, the Par complex and ZO-1 to ensure the formation and maintenance of the actomyosin tight junction complex in choroid plexus epithelium.
- Yvan Campos
- , Xiaohui Qiu
- & Alessandra d’Azzo
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| Open AccessaPKC regulates apical localization of Lgl to restrict elongation of microridges in developing zebrafish epidermis
Squamous epithelia present actin-rich microridges on the apical surface, but the mechanism of their formation is not known. Here the authors show that, in zebrafish epidermis, the exclusion of the basolateral regulator Lgl from the apical domain by atypical protein kinase C prevents precocious elongation and fusion of microridges.
- Renuka Raman
- , Indraneel Damle
- & Mahendra Sonawane
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Cerebrospinal fluid-derived Semaphorin3B orients neuroepithelial cell divisions in the apicobasal axis
The spatial orientation of cell divisions is fundamental for tissue architecture and homeostasis but the extracellular cues regulating this process are largely unknown. Here, the authors show that Semaphorin3B released from the floor plate and the nascent choroid plexus controls progenitor division orientation in the developing mouse spinal cord.
- Elise Arbeille
- , Florie Reynaud
- & Valérie Castellani
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110δ promotes lumen formation through the enhancement of apico-basal polarity and basal membrane organization
Kidney epithelial cells grown in 3D culture form polarized cysts in which basal membranes surround a lumen. Peng et al.show that the p110δ subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase contributes to the formation of these structures by influencing focal adhesion at the basal membrane.
- Juan Peng
- , Aline Awad
- & Ama Gassama-Diagne