Anatomy articles within Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology

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  • Perspective |

    Emerging evidence indicates that the composition of the intestinal microbiota influences anticancer immunosurveillance and therefore the effectiveness of anticancer therapies, especially immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, key contributors to this field of research discuss these connections between gut bacteria, anticancer immunity, and general health, with a focus on specific bacterial species consistently associated with favourable clinical outcomes of anticancer immunotherapy, and explore the potential mechanisms.

    • Bertrand Routy
    • , Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan
    •  & Guido Kroemer

  • Review Article |

    Despite the achievement of locoregional control, a third of patients undergoing surgery for cancer will have disease recurrence. In this Review, the authors describe the potential to optimize the outcomes of patients with cancer by minimizing inflammation and activation of the sympathetic nervous system in the perioperative period, which is often achievable with simple and cost-effective changes in patient-management strategies.

    • Jonathan G. Hiller
    • , Nicholas J. Perry
    •  & Erica K. Sloan

  • Opinion |

    Autophagy is fundamental to cellular homeostasis and also has a central role in the development and progression of cancer. However, autophagy is also required for optimal immune system function, including the development of an anticancer immune response. In this Perspective, the authors present the available preclinical and clinical evidence that autophagy might enhance the effectiveness of both immunogenic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as opposed to the general view of inhibition of autophagy as an antitumour strategy.

    • Lorenzo Galluzzi
    • , José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
    •  & Guido Kroemer

  • Opinion |

    Substantial interest exists in the effects of immunotherapy; however, radiation therapy also has the potential to stimulate an antitumour immune response. In this Perspectives, the authors describe the rationale for combining immunotherapy with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy based on the available clinical data, and provide recommendations for the future testing of approaches using this combination of treatments.

    • Michael B. Bernstein
    • , Sunil Krishnan
    •  & Joe Y. Chang

  • Review Article |

    Brain metastases are a frequent complication in patients with advanced breast cancer. Whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is the standard treatment for these patients, but it can cause neurocognitive damage, and results are suboptimal. Therapies that reduce toxic effects, improve local control, and prevent recurrences are needed. The authors of this Review outline the current strategies and novel developments in WBRT, and discuss new irradiation modalities that are improving outcomes in breast cancer patients with brain metastases.

    • Cyrus Chargari
    • , François Campana
    •  & Youlia M. Kirova

  • News & Views |

    Prognostic models for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma are imperfect and do not allow a precise individualized therapy. A recent gene-expression profiling study, translated into a routine immunohistological test, identified genes of tumor-associated macrophages as being responsible for treatment outcome in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. If this finding is confirmed by other investigators, it could be a major step towards personalized therapy for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.

    • Volker Diehl

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