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Rare or nonoptimal codons that cause ribosomes to pause have been suggested to be important determinants of cotranslational folding. A revised translational efficiency scale, which considers tRNA abundance as well as codon usage and codon-tRNA interaction, now suggests a correlation between optimal or nonoptimal codon usage and secondary structure of the nascent polypeptide.
A comprehensive metagenomic analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation–sequencing and microarray analysis (ChIP-seq and ChIP-chip) data from mouse embryonic stem cells provides insight into how histone gene transcription is controlled. The work reveals a complex mode of regulation, with multiple factors acting to regulate transcription of core and linker histones.
