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How does a transcription factor select a specific DNA response element given the presence of degenerate sequences? To date, this question has largely been viewed from the standpoint of DNA sequence variability and transcription factor binding affinity under steady-state conditions. Here we propose that to address this problem, it is also necessary to account for fluctuating cellular conditions. These lead to dynamic changes in the ensemble of protein (and DNA) conformational states via allosteric effects.
The WD40 protein WDR5 is a core subunit of the human MLL and SET1 (hCOMPASS) histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes. Although initial studies suggested that WDR5 interacts with methylated H3K4 to catalyze Lys4 trimethylation, recent work has revealed that it binds an arginine-bearing motif in MLL1, promoting complex assembly and activity. These findings suggest that WDR5 functions as a peptidyl arginine–recognition factor that facilitates the assembly of hCOMPASS and other chromatin-modifying complexes.
