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XIST loss causes partial gene reactivation at the inactive X chromosome, resulting in Mediator-dependent expansion of adult mammary stem cells and tumorigenesis.
Rensvold et al. provide a resource to characterize the function of mitochondrial proteins and to facilitate the discovery of disease-relevant mutations.
Pioneer transcription factors activate gene enhancers through their unique ability to initiate opening of inaccessible chromatin. Pioneer factors are crucial for cell fate determination in development and for cellular reprogramming, and their misexpression has major pathological consequences in cancer.
Mechanical signalling underlies multiple, fundamental biological processes. Mechanical signals can originate from substrate physical properties or shear stresses, and from changes in the physical properties of the cell surface. The mechanisms underlying these two classes of outside-in signalling and their roles in the regulation of intracellular signalling in cell fate and development are becoming increasingly understood.
The regulatory sequences carried by transposable elements (TEs) often recruit the transcription machinery and affect host gene expression. Recent studies have revealed mechanisms by which TEs contribute to transcription regulation, including donation of enhancer and promoter sequences, modification of 3D chromatin architecture, and generation of novel regulatory non-coding RNAs and transcription factors.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) comprise a wide variety of oxidant molecules with vastly different properties and biological functions in physiology and in disease. Approaches to characterize oxidants in the in vivo context and identify their specific cellular targets will be required to understand and control the pathophysiological activities of ROS.
