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TBC/RABGAPs are negative regulators of RABs that carry a conserved TBC domain. In addition to their roles in intracellular trafficking, they have recently emerged as integrators of signalling between RABs and other small GTPases, and they are frequently dysregulated in disease.
The dynamin GTPase mediates membrane remodelling during endocytosis. Through complementary approaches, including structural and genetic studies, the mechanisms by which dynamin regulates membrane fission events, and the unique physiological roles of its three isoforms, are becoming clear.
The unfolded protein response (UPR) buffers protein-folding stress at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Research has provided insight into the regulatory mechanisms of UPR branches initiated by the stress sensors protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and into outcomes of the UPR that are not directly related to protein misfolding.
Stem cells reside in discrete microenvironments called niches, which regulate stem cell activity. The stem cell progeny appear to constitute an indispensable component of the niche in a wide range of stem cell systems. These unexpected niche inhabitants provide versatile feedback signals to their parent stem cells.
Methylation of Lys36 at histone H3 is important for transcription and has also been implicated in diverse processes, including splicing and DNA replication and repair. Understanding the dynamic control of this modification is crucial for understanding the numerous diseases that its dysfunction are linked with.
Satellite cells are a heterogeneous population of stem and progenitor cells with crucial roles in muscle repair and regeneration. Although paired-box 7 (PAX7) is necessary to maintain the undifferentiated stem cell state, a requirement for PAX7 in adult satellite cells was recently challenged and remains controversial.
