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The autophagosome, the central organelle in macroautophagy, is constructed from a membrane template called the phagophore, to which autophagy-related (ATG) proteins are hierarchically recruited. Recent findings suggest that non-canonical autophagy may also occur in the absence of these key autophagy proteins.
The kinetochore is a large complex of proteins that physically links centromeric DNA to microtubules. Recent research has identified the individual kinetochore building blocks and studied how they interact, allowing the development of a model of the overall architecture of the kinetochore.