Volume 18 Issue 7, July 2018

TLR9-mediated signalling induces type I IFN production through the direct recruitment of IKKα to a signalling platform anchored by the autophagy protein LC3.

The long-term survival of HIV-1-infected CD4⁺ T cells is shown to be controlled by the anti-apoptotic protein BIRC5 and its upstream regulator OX40, which suggests new therapeutic targets to reduce the size of the viral reservoir.

Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in phago cytes during apoptotic cell uptake induces an anti-inflammatory response.

CYPD regulates the host response to tuberculosis infection through modulating T cell metabolism.

A high-fibre diet protects against influenza virus infection by limiting lung immunopathology and enhancing antiviral T cell responses.

Gabrielle Belz describes a 2002 paper by Iyer et al. that linked cellular nutrient levels in cytotoxic T cells with their ability to mount a vigorous response.

This Review considers the importance of the core circadian clock for regulating both innate and adaptive immune cell responses. The authors consider the implications for vaccination and other clinical strategies, highlighting the emerging field of chrono-immunotherapy.

Adaptive immunity arose 500 million years ago in cold-blooded vertebrates. Here, Martin Flajnik discusses how recent discoveries in fish, amphibians and reptiles have improved our understanding of the origins and functions of adaptive immune systems.

Drugs that target the cytokines that drive asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease offer relief to some people with these diseases. However, as discussed here, further success will require a better understanding of the disease mechanisms and selection of the right drug for the right patient.

Jamie Rossjohn and colleagues review the structural and functional data that provide insight into the MHC restriction of T cell receptors. They discuss the non-mutually exclusive contributions of intrinsic germline-encoded motifs and developmental selection to MHC restriction.