Volume 14 Issue 12, December 2014

A new study identifies a ubiquitously expressed ribosomal protein that is recognized by arthritogenic T cells.

The induction of a type I interferon response in cancer cells is linked to the efficacy of certain chemotherapies.

Superspreaders ofSalmonellainfection are uniquely able to tolerate antibiotic treatment.

Autophagy is important for the transition of effector CD8⁺T cells into memory T cells.

Brozet al. identify a rare intratumoral CD103⁺dendritic cell population that stimulates cytotoxic T cells.

A new study of individuals deficient for the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 demonstrates a role for this molecule in regulating the type I IFN response.

Clostridium difficileinfection induces the expression of interleukin-22, which regulates the complement system to eliminate systemically translocated pathobionts.

Respiratory infection with influenza virus causes intestinal symptoms through the specific recruitment of lung-induced CD4⁺T cells to the intestinal mucosa.

This Review describes the biology of the interleukin-20 (IL-20) subfamily of cytokines. The authors detail the cellular sources and targets of these cytokines, and explain their key roles in promoting immunity to infections and driving tissue repair. They also discuss the emerging roles for IL-20 subfamily cytokines in metabolism and tumour immunology.

Being able to useDrosophila melanogaster to study immunity on a whole-organism level is proving to be highly valuable in deciphering the links between systemic metabolic and hormonal changes and the immune response. Here, the authors describe the insights gained so far into organism-wide immune regulation and the future directions for research in D. melanogaster.

Recent studies have shown that complement activation is not confined to the serum but also occurs within cellular compartments. This has led to an emerging understanding that complement components can intersect diverse cellular metabolic and effector pathways. Here, the authors propose that the different locations of complement activation dictate its diverse functions.

This Opinion article proposes that higher-order protein complexes — referred to as supramolecular organizing centres (SMOCs) — form on specific organelles by nucleated polymerization downstream of innate immune receptors to amplify the signal and reach a response threshold.

The recent realization that the airways harbour a steady-state microbiota necessitates a shift in our understanding of respiratory health and disease, drawing from similarities with host–microorganism relationships in the intestines.