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In early 2022, staff from the NIAID at the NIH organized a workshop focusing on the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2. In this Viewpoint article, some of the organizers and invited speakers share their thoughts on key outcomes of this meeting.
For this Viewpoint, Nature Reviews Immunology asked the presidents of 16 immunology societies from around the world to discuss how their society and its members responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. Their answers highlight the incredible contributions that immunologists around the globe have made following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
In this Viewpoint, six leading experts consider the ways in which the microbiota can influence immune responses to cancer. Immunotherapies have been revolutionary in the treatment of cancer, but will we one day further increase their efficacy with microbiota-derived drugs?
In this Viewpoint article, members of the Optimmunize consortium discuss the evidence for non-specific and sex-differential effects of vaccines and how this information might inform vaccine design and policy, including in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In this Viewpoint article, Nature Reviews Immunology invites 18 experts to discuss the nature of T cell exhaustion. How should T cell exhaustion be defined and what are the developmental relationships between exhausted T cell subsets? The contributors share their thoughts on key recent developments in the field.
In this Viewpoint article,Nature Reviews Immunologyinvites five experts to share their thoughts on the contributions made by Élie Metchnikoff to the fields of phagocytosis, macrophage biology, leukocyte migration, the microbiota and intravital imaging.
In this Viewpoint article,Nature Reviews Immunologyinvites five experts to discuss the nature of immunological memory. How should we define a memory response? And can innate immune cells — as well as lymphocytes — develop into memory populations? The contributors share their thoughts on these questions and other key issues in the field.
In this Viewpoint article, several experts share their thoughts on the plasticity and stability of regulatory T cells, discussing the recent advances in our understanding of the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of this important T cell subset, as well as the therapeutic implications of this research.
In this Viewpoint article, five leading immunologists discuss the processes involved in the resolution of inflammation. Could drugs that promote pro-resolution pathways be more effective than drugs that block pro-inflammatory mediators in treating certain chronic inflammatory diseases? The contributors debate this and other key issues in the field.
Here,Nature Reviews Immunologyasks four experts to share their thoughts on the ability of probiotics and prebiotics to modulate the immune system and influence disease. Can these products have a therapeutic application for inflammatory diseases?
In this Viewpoint article,Nature Reviews Immunologyasks five experts in the field to share their thoughts on the development and immune functions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Importantly, will these cells be a useful clinical target?
Recent elegant studies in the mouse have increased our understanding of the origin and function of different macrophage and dendritic cell populations. However, these studies have also highlighted an old debate — how exactly should we classify the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system? Here, five experts give their thoughts on this topic.
The recent re-evaluation of the concept that CD4+T helper cell subsets are irreversibly differentiated lineages has become one of the most hotly debated issues in immunology. Here, four leaders in the field provide their thoughts on the complexities and controversies surrounding the functional plasticity of T cell subsets.
Understanding how memory T cells develop has important implications for vaccine design. Here,Nature Reviews Immunologyasks four leading researchers in this field their thoughts on the ontogeny and lineage relationships of memory T cells.
Fifty years after F. Macfarlane Burnet published his seminal paper on the clonal-selection theory of antibody diversity, six key scientists provide their thoughts and opinions on how this theory was received and how it has helped to shape immunology as we know it today.
In this Viewpoint article, four leading researchers provide their view on the prospect of using tolerogenic cells as an immunotherapy in humans and highlight some of the hurdles that must be addressed for this type of treatment to become a viable therapeutic approach.
