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Women withBRCA1/2mutations have a higher risk of breast and ovarian cancer than the general population. The authors outline current evidence for strategies to reduce the risks of cancer development in these women, and discuss future research directions.
In low-resource regions of the world, women with breast cancer often do not present themselves for treatment until the disease has reached an advanced stage. This article offers some cost-effective and practical recommendations for early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in low-resource countries.
Bevacizumab with standard chemotherapy improved overall survival in colorectal and lung cancer patients and progression-free survival in breast cancer patients, but this combination failed to increase survival in patients with previously treated and refractory metastatic breast cancer. Reasons for these contrasting results, the mechanisms behind normalization of tumor vasculature for improved drug and oxygen delivery, and the need for biomarkers and imaging techniques to guide patient selection and protocol design are discussed.
The processes of normal and pathological bone biology have been revolutionized since the discovery of the key regulators osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factorkappa B (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL). Recent research suggests a pivotal role for these molecules in mediating cancer-induced bone destruction. This review provides a comprehensive update on the pathophysiology and mechanisms of skeletal metastasis, and the relevance of therapeutic targeting of these regulators for cancer treatment and pain management.