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The Kerala Oral Cancer Screening Trial did not demonstrate an overall cancer-related mortality benefit. Herein, we discuss the important lessons learnt from a recent reanalysis of data from this trial in an attempt to demonstrate the advantages of using a novel risk-based approach to cancer screening.
Despite considerable progress in the development of targeted therapies, only three biomarkers are currently used to guide the treatment of patients with gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancers using approved targeted therapies. Nonetheless, owing to advances in our understanding of tumour biology and sequencing technologies, several novel therapies are expected to soon become available. In this Review, the authors describe current and future biomarker-guided therapies for patients with G/GEJ cancers.
Various cancers can disseminate to the bone, including the most common malignancies in men and women, prostate and breast cancer, respectively. Herein, the authors review the roles of the bone microenvironment in skeletal metastasis, highlighting the biology and clinical relevance of circulating tumour cells and disseminated tumour cells. Notably, bone metastases are associated with considerable morbidity and a poor prognosis, and the authors also discuss established and future therapeutic approaches for targeting components of the bone microenvironment to prevent or treat skeletal metastases.
Progress in precision medicine for colorectal cancer continues to lag behind the rapid improvements seen in patients with certain other solid tumour types. Nonetheless, owing largely to the availability of better translational models, novel and effective targeted therapy strategies based on tumour biology are beginning to be developed for subsets of patients. In this Review, the authors summarize these developments and discuss future directions in this rapidly evolving area of research.
Anti-angiogenic therapy has the capacity to ameliorate antitumour immunity and, thus, some combinations of anti-angiogenics and immunotherapies have been approved and a number of them are being tested. The authors of this Perspective describe how the angiogenesis-induced endothelial immune cell barrier hampers antitumour immunity and the role of endothelial cell anergy as a vascular counterpart of immune checkpoints.
