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Johnstone, Reyes et al. find that colorectal cancer cells undergo substantial compartmental reorganization and that this likely supresses, rather than promotes, tumorigenesis.
Gomes et al. show that age-dependent upregulation of levels of the metabolite methylmalonic acid (MMA) in serum from healthy donors can promote tumour progression in mice via SOX4-dependent regulation of cell fate decisions.
Two studies have now provided evidence of differences, dependent on patient sex, in oncogenic features, such as frequencies of driver gene mutations, mutation load and mutational signatures, as well as immune selection.
This Review discusses the current understanding of how insulin and insulin receptor signalling contribute to cancer growth, in the context of the rising prevalence of obesity and diabetes worldwide and the realization that hyperinsulinaemia may contribute to therapeutic failures.
Perturbations of circadian rhythms can promote cancer, and expression of core clock genes and proteins is attenuated in many tumours. Furthermore, metabolic control by the circadian clock may influence cancer metabolism. This Review outlines recent discoveries related to the interplay between circadian rhythms, proliferative metabolism and cancer.
This Review discusses the main immune parameters positively or negatively shaping cancer development, and their prognostic and predictive value. The authors advocate the need to assess a combination of immune determinants and the importance of evaluating the functional status of specific cell populations to increase prognostic and/or predictive power.
Metastatic dissemination can occur early during cancer progression, yet clinically overt metastases are often not detected for many years after surgical removal of the primary tumour. In this Perspective, Klein argues that understanding the ‘invisible’ phase of metastatic colonization is necessary to explain this phenomenon and develop better therapies to prevent metastasis.
